Sandimirov S.S. Catalogue of lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area. Finland, Jyvaskyla: Kopijyva Oy, 2008.

Although the watershed of Lake Kivijarvi is relatively remote from the Pechenganickel smelter (305 km), it is nevertheless subjected to its airborne pollution (primarily Ni and Cu) from the smelter. The average Cu, Ni and A1 concentrations are 0.4 pg/l, 0.2 pg/l and 55 pg/l, respectively. 3.3.2. Lake bottom sediments There are no data available about the organic matter contents of the sediments in Lake Kivijarvi. The lake is located at a distance of 340 km from the Pechenganickel smelter. Owing to the considerable distance from the smelter, airborne pollution has almost no effect on the lake; the concentrations of e.g. heavy metals in the lake sediments are not elevated (Fig. 68). However, there are somewhat elevated concentrations of chalcophile elements (e.g. Pb, As and Cd) in the uppermost 10 cm layer of the sediments, which are presumably derived from long-range, trans-boundary air pollutants (Fig. 68). The maximum As concentration is in the uppermost 1 cm layer of the sediment core, and the highest concentrations of Pb and Cd at a depth of 3-5 cm. The contamination factor values of the chalcophile elements range from 1.6 to 8.4 (Table 44), i.e. the values correspond to moderate and high contamination. Pb has the highest Cf value. The degree of contamination value (19.9) for this lake corresponds to considerable contamination. Cu, pg/l 0.4 Ni, цд/І 0.2 Al, pg/l 55 Pb, цд/І 0.1 122 Catalogue of Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea