Наумлюк, М. В. Региональная литература Кольского Севера XX-XXI века в аспекте идентичности и мультикультурности. Страницы истории и современность / М. В. Наумлюк ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Мурм. гос. гуманитар. ун-т. - Мурманск, 2013.

Time, Space, austere landscapes. The Sagas’ main heroes - Vikings - as histo rian A. Gurevich believed, “kept the universal examples of human behavior, re quirement of morality, belief in destiny, which was considered as the main force ruling the world, life and human beings”. On a boundary of the 19—20th centuries the interest to the North anew ap peared in the world literature. Disappointments in life are typical for European decadence in general. On the other hand, many writers aspired to represent heroic and positive basis in human being. Feelings of the end of civilization induced them to return to eter nal sources of human life, to its natural principles, which could remain in the North. The Northern theme became popular thanks to the Norwegian, American and Russian writers’ works: Henrik Ibsen’s dramas, the novels of Knut Hamsun and Sigrid Undset; the books of Sergey Maximov, Konstantin Sluchevsky and Michael Prishvin, a cycle of Northern stories by Jack London. The main idea connecting these artists together concerned the problem of the relation between Man, Nature and Civilization. For the Norwegian writers the severe and grand image of the North corre lates with the main principles of the national character and self-identification of the people: a strong will, powerful character, moral values, and even romantic impulses and emotions. For Jack London the North is both as the physical realm and the metaphysical absolute, constant struggle in Nature and “survival of the fittest”. The Russian writers consider the North as the treasury of the Nature, and the Pomors - as the embodiment of the national character and the basement for the real Russian life. Globalization processes assume the general standards, rejecting of the ba sic national and cultural values. On the contrary, the literature of the 21st century describing a “very fluid world” makes an accent on the idea that people keep biological identity and seek for the cultural identity as a means against self- destruction. 120