Наумлюк, М. В. Региональная литература Кольского Севера XX-XXI века в аспекте идентичности и мультикультурности. Страницы истории и современность / М. В. Наумлюк ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Мурм. гос. гуманитар. ун-т. - Мурманск, 2013.

Yukon, their life is lull of contradictions between the values of the civilization and the laws of the wild nature. For surviving they refuse former habits, ideals, customs. Human feelings are more important for them than morals of a bour geois society. The North becomes another world, with its own rules. Thus, theft of money can be fair, and a police deceit - a debt of the decent person, double murder - unpunished. A woman’s beauty is not grace and weakness, housekeep ing is not a woman’s job. Her merits are physical strength, ability to arrange bed on the snow and to read traces of any animals as Unga, Aksel Gunderson’s wife of does (“An Odyssey of the North”). Man must build a fire, must be a good dogteam driver, and a hunter. When it’s deadly windy and cold, it is necessary to learn breathing,' going, working as for the first time. Gold in the North has no absolute power. Miners undoubtedly leave gold dust for the sake of life or love rescue. London makes the mark with a special theme - Indians, the natives of Klondike. The way of Indians’ traditional life was collapsed by newcomers. The natives of the American North take part in the transformation of their own land, not forgetting as well their traditional occupations. The writer admires especially Indian women full of vitality, no wander that gold miners marry them. London believes that natives and strangers, when studying each other, adopt all they find useful for their life. London was the first who directs attention to the American North, but he embraced the known traditions: by Cooper - depicting pioneers and Indians, by Melville - representing the Over Soul of Nature, by Twain - drawing true - life picture of the reality. He creates a universal and poetic image of the North, where symbols ex pressing the concepts of the Space, Time, Nature, Life, Death, play an important part, concerning eternal senses of the Universe and human being. He depicts the North both as the physical realm and the metaphysical ab solute. The heroes of his short stories, surviving under the extreme conditions, become not only stronger, but receives energy of the Universe, spiritual con sciousness of the North, respect for the laws of Nature. THE RUSSIAN NORTH AND THE RUSSIAN MAN IN THE WORKS OF S. MAXIMOV, K. SLUCHEVSKY, M. PRISHVIN SERGEY MAXIMOV (1831-1901) The Russian journalist and the writer, Maximov in 1856 participated in ethnographic expedition to the Russian North, passed the Kola Peninsula, and in 1859 published the book “A Year in the North” which has brought to him an award of the Russian Geographical society. 109