Наумлюк, М. В. Региональная литература Кольского Севера XX-XXI века в аспекте идентичности и мультикультурности. Страницы истории и современность / М. В. Наумлюк ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Мурм. гос. гуманитар. ун-т. - Мурманск, 2013.

KNUT HAMSUN (1859-1952) In spite of the fact that Knut Hamsun rather critically concerns to Ibsen’s works (the hero of his novel “Mystery” Nagel considers that Ibsen fights with a needle instead of a spear, he has no courage for battle, therefore it is impossible to name Ibsen “truly Norwegian writer”), Hamsun follows the Ibsen tradition to describe the North as a general image and a symbol of his novels. Other tradi tion goes undoubtedly from ancient sagas, in which the motive of a prophetic dream is the reflection of destiny. The prophetic dreams reflect some difficult psychological processes in peoples mind on edge of life and death, and a moral choice. Hamsun displays many-sidedness of the North in its great variety in eve ry novel. Thus, in his novel “Hunger” we does not meet the detailed description of a northern country, however, motives of cold crude weather and illusive light of lanterns become accompaniment to an unstable psychological condition of the hero and his loneliness. The main task of Hamsun as an artist was to analyse the inner life of the person, the irrational impulses of his consciousness, to combine physiological condition and romantic dreams of his intelligent heroes. Hamsun traced Dosto evsky in understanding man full of tragic contradictions, his moral and spiritual sufferings. Neitzsche made a great effect on him with his direct attention to de struction of idols and glorifying superman. Hamsun possibly was the first who introduced in literature so-called stream of consciousness technique. When he changes themes from the general to the particular, from the ma terialistic to the mystic, he uses recognizable details, which possess special na tional and universal meaning concerning Norwegian North and national charac ter. Juhan Nilsen Nagel, the main hero of the novel “Mystery”, thinking of mod ern literature, compares Hugo and Tolstoy with Ibsen and Byornson. He re members brave Vikings, observing trivial life of local peasants with tragic irony. Sometimes Nagel feels an equality with Nature, he has a rest in the forest among moss and heathers, it indicates the author’s attention to Northern reality. Two prophetic dreams become characteristic features of Nagel’s tragic duality. When he feels harmony with all the world around, Nagel dreams of a small boat with a blue sail and a silver fishing tackle. When the loneliness and platitude of life surround him, Nagel plunges into the ominous bog. He looks like some kind of deprived Viking with his big shoulders and small height. Nagel’s unexpected death becomes clear when Hamsun shows the correspondence between a dull life of a small Norwegian town in the 19th century and the beauty and serenity of the northern nature. Comparing unrealized destiny of the hero with the Viking ancestors is full of allegorical significance. Hamsun’s most successful novel “Pan” (1894) is notable for both sym bolic and realistic interpreting of human nature. This story is a small - scale model of the whole human life, that’s why Hamsun retells Greek myth in Nor wegian circumstances. It is no exaggeration to say that the Northern nature be 104