The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

V ° ’.о Я р% ‘# f K 1 ■ ° • 2 CD о 3 ■ ■ ■ 4 * т 5 Figure 2.8. Spatial distribution o f waders that inhabit shores o f rivers, lakes, sea. Ch.h. — G reater Ringed Plover, A.h. — Common Sandpiper, H.o. — Oystercatcher, A.i. — Ruddy Turnstone, C.t. —Temm inck’s Stint. I —littoral, 2 —sea coast, 3 —pebbles, 4 —silt and sand, 5 - grassy vegetation. methods o f these waders differ significantly; therefore they infrequently co -occur and can usually be found on the shores o f different types o f water bodies (Fig. 2.8). The G reater Ringed Plover collects small invertebrates from the surface o f the ground and prefers to forage on sandy and pebble shores o f rivers, lakes, and seas. The Temm inck’s Stint probes the surface layers o f coastal silt or sand with its bill and occurs on sandy or muddy coasts o f rivers and lakes. The Common Sandpiper inhabits various coastal river and lakeside habitats, mainly where patches o f grassy vegetation can be found adjacent to water. The Ruddy Turnstone and Oystercatcher in the northwestern Kola Peninsula mainly occur on the sea coast (Semenov-Tian- Shansky & Gilyazov 1991). Both species have rather specialised foraging te c h ­ niques. Ruddy Turnstones search for small invertebrates on pebble shores by tu rn ­ ing over the pebbles or rake aside algae lying on the shore with their feet and bills. Oystercatchers mainly eat bivalves, polychaete worms and other prey items collect­ ed on the littoral. Ruddy Turnstones and Oystercatchers often co-occur, but they take different food collected in different places and by different techniques. By this they avoid competition. 97