The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

I.E. Zheleznov The White-tailed Eagle inhabits coasts and feeds on diverse prey obtaining it in water and on land. The White-tailed Eagle, like Osprey, breeds along the shores o f large rivers and lakes but occupies a very different ecological niche. The most typical feature o f this species is that it occurs in coastal habitats and forages on the water and on land (Fig. 2.3). It makes for a large variety of its prey items and foraging techniques. The diet o f the White-tailed Eagle is very diverse. Approximately one-half of its food it takes in water. This is large fish, musk rats, minks, waterfowl and shore - birds. The other half o f their ration White-tailed Eagles collect on land. This includes scavenging, taking grouse, large and small mammals (Semenov-Tian- Shansky & Gilyazov 1991). The diet o f this species varies with season. This bird o f prey often switches to the most abundant and easily available prey. Soon after spring arrival, White-tailed Eagles scavenge and feed on the corpses o f large animals killed by brown bears or wolfs. In early spring White-tailed Eagles take Capercaillies and hares. During this period they also catch spawning pikes, preferably large ones. During spawning o f other large fish species White-tailed Eagles switch to this food. When feeding the young, adult and fledgling waterfowl play a large role in the diet o f this species. In the years o f high abundance o f mice and voles, White-tailed Eagles often forage on them (Semenov-Tian-Shansky & Gilyazov 1991, Pchelintsev 2003). The White-tailed Eagle utilizes various foraging techniques. It may sit on a tree and wait for prey, or look for prey soaring high above ground. When a White-tailed 85