The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

willows, less frequently it inhabits small grassy lakes (Sem enov-T ian- Shansky & G ilyazov 1991). T he Shoveler uses a quite specific forag­ ing techn ique and thus has a specific habitat use. As known from the liter­ a tu re , th is species p refers small eutrophic waters w ith uliginous b o t­ tom and shore and rich aquatic and coastal vegetation (H ag em eije r & Blair 1997). Diving ducks foraging on aquatic invertebrates A typical feature o f diving ducks is th eir ability to dive and rem ain submerged for a relatively long time. Unlike dabbling ducks, they forage at larger depths and can live in deeper waters. Diving ducks consum e mainly an im al food. T heir diet includes mollusks, imagines and larvae o f different aquatic insects, crustaceans, small fish (Kolosov et al. 1975, Sem enov-T ian-Shansky & G ilyazov 1991, Bianchi et al. 2003). Diets o f different diving ducks are similar. Variation is governed by the pecu li­ arities o f their morphology and foraging behaviour (M adsen 1954, Avilova 1978, Boiko et al. 1982, Bianchi 1999, Bianchi et al. 2003). These factors determ ine sp a­ tial distribution o f diving ducks in the aquatic ecosystems o f Pasvik. Common Eiders breed on the coast and the islands o f the Barents Sea. Tufted Ducks prefer lakes situated w ithin swamps, small forest lakes w ith relatively rich vegetation, and river branches with slow flow. Black Scoters inhabit open lakes, slow rivers and woodland peat bogs. They often o ccu r in river stretches with slow flow. Long-tailed Ducks breed on freshwater lakes in th e tu n d ra. C omm on Goldeneye prefer slow rivers and lakes in the valleys o f large rivers w ith woody shores. The Smew breeds on small lakes, in shallow bays o f large lakes and in slow river stretches (Kolosov et al. 1975, Filchagov & Cherenkov 1984, Sem enov-T ian- Shansky & Gilyazov 1991, Bianchi 1999, Zakoldaeva 2005). Piscivorous diving ducks Two species offish -eating mergansers breed in Pasvik, nam ely the R ed -b reast­ ed and Common Mergansers. The diets o f both the species are sim ilar, but they use different foraging techniques and thu s occur in waters o f different type. O.A. Pershin The Common Goldeneye is one of the most common waterfowl species in Pasvik. It lives along the afforested coasts of rivers and lakes.