The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

/. V Zatsarinny Pine forests are common in Pasvik and are represented by various types. take a rest here before the onset o f breeding. In summer and autumn, many water- birds from adjacent areas forage there (Wikan et al. 1994). In the Pasvik valley and on the gentle slopes o f the hills deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests grow. Deciduous forests are mainly formed by the white birch (Betula pubescens , Fig. 2.1.B). The white birch has a variety o f life forms, from high trees with white trunks in the lowlands to the mountain tundra crooked birch forest at the tree line. Birch forests mainly grow along the shores o f rivers and lakes, at the upper belt of forest and tundra, and make a significant contribution in the pine forests (Belov & Baranovkaya 1969). In some places, patches with aspen, alder, and willow occur. However their area is small and they have no significant impact on the fauna and population o f the birds o f Pasvik. Coniferous forests are mainly formed by the Lapland pine (Pinus silvestris lap- ponica, Fig. 2.1.C) which has a narrow and elongated crown. In the Pasvik valley the pines reach the height o f 14—15 m. In the pine forests, solitary trees or groups o f Siberian spruce ( Picea obovata) occur, which has an elongated and twisted crown. On the Russian bank o f the Pasvik river south o f Mt. Ка1кирд large areas are 73