The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

The aforementioned factors have the most general impact on the avian com ­ munity o f Pasvik. The concrete composition o f the fauna mostly depends on the landscape diversity o f the region (Sazonov 2004). Combination o f different landscape elements allows evolvement o f biocenoses with significantly different fauna and population o f birds. Among the landscape complexes o f Pasvik zonal and intra-zonal groups o f vegetation, soils and animal population may be distinguished. The zonal landscapes include pine, birch and mixed pine and birch forests, mountain birch forest and the tundra. There typical boreal birds live. Intra-zone landscapes include the valley o f the the Pasvik river, wet meadows along the river banks and lake shores, large swamps in the valley and on the adjacent hills, fragments o f arable land and other anthropogenic landscapes. These habitats facilitate penetration o f southern birds into boreal ecosystems and considerably alleviate the influence o f zonal climatic factors upon the structure of Pasvik bird communities. 2 .2 . Main habitat types In the valley o f the Pasvik river several main types o f biocenoses may be distin­ guished characterised by different natural complexes where different species and ecological types o fb ird s dom inate: (1) aquatic areas; (2) coastal meadows and shrubs; (3) pine forest; (4) birch forest; (5) mixed forest; (6) wetlands; (7) m oun ­ tain birch forest; (8) crooked birch forest; (9) mountain tundra (Fig. 2.1). The Pasvik valley is a lake and river system with rich aquatic and coastal vege­ tation. Coastal shrubs, wet meadows along the banks o f the river and large wetlands A B C D E F G H Figure 2.1. Main habitat types in the Pasvik Valley. A - water bodies and coastal scrub; В - birch forest; С —pine forest; D —mixed pine and birch forest; E —wetlands; F —mountain birch forest; G - crooked birch forest; H - mountain tundra. 71