The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

V Approaches and Methods of Research This monograph is based on the data collected during stationary work and expeditions to Pasvik nature reserve (Russia), 0v re Pasvik national park (Norway) and their vicinity in the upper, middle, and the lower flow o f the Pas river in 1998-2007. The work was aimed at studying avifauna, structure o f bird population and mechanisms o f formation and functioning o f bird communities. The fauna and specific structure o f bird population were studied by annual sur­ veys o f different groups of birds in their typical habitats, and by recording birds d u r­ ing excursions and specific ornithological studies. These data were used for analy­ sis o f specific composition, abundance, and spatial distribution o f birds in natural ecosystems o f Pasvik. Waterfowl were surveyed from a boat in the river Pasvik, and during transects made on foot in other water bodies (Isakov 1952, Anonymous 1971, Priklonsky, Panchenko 1971). Boat transects in river Pasvik were made together with Norwegian ornithologists twice per breeding season in late May and early June. The birds were surveyed from two boats simultaneously. Across the 10-km transect all the birds encountered at both banks and in the middle o f the stream were coun ­ tered. Transects on foot were made in model areas th at included the main habitats used by waterfowl. Habitat types were identified on the basis o f the water body area, water depth, bottom type, presence o f flow and development o f aquatic and coastal vegetation. G rouse were counted at w inter transects made in Pasvik nature reserve an n u ­ ally (Kuzyakin et al. 1990). Transects were made in different types o f forest, in bogs 21