The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

S. Y. Mullari The white nights period ends by the beginning o f August. Baranovskaya 1969, Lukina & Nikonov 1996). Variable relief, overburden and m icroclimatic conditions promote heterogeneity o f Pasvik's soils. At a relatively small scale dry well drained soils border on wet poorly drained ones. Most soils develop on sandy and sabulous, large boulder moraine and fluvioglacial deposits with good drainage. The largest area is covered by illuvial ferriferous podzols. Marsh soils occur frequently. Under dry subshrub tundras podburs occur, on the crystallised rocks o f mountain tundras mountain tundra primitive pebble soils are found. Bog sod soils occur locally. A typical feature o f Pasvik valley vegetation is a frequent occurrence o f Scots pine forests. They are Europe's northernmost coniferous forests (Isachenko 1961, Tyrtikov 1995). Even though large-scale lumbering and m ining took place in the last century together with hydroelectric power station construction, primaeval forests can be found in Pasvik and in large areas the nature still looks original (Maikova & Peshev 1997). In the lower flow o f the Pasvik pine forests are gradual­ ly replaced by mountain birch forests and then by the tundra. The main tree species in Pasvik are Scots pine Pinus silvestris L. (and its form Lapland pine Pinus lapponica) and white birch Beiula pubescens Ehrh. (Kostina 1995). Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) is uncomm on and occurs as single trees or in small groups. Мурманская государственная областная универсальная ^ -j научная библиотека