The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

А В Figure 3.35. M icrohabitat structure o f White (A) and Yellow Wagtails (B). catch them in the air (Khlebosolov 1993, Rezanov 2000, 2003). The foraging behaviour o f both the wagtail species is somewhat different, because the former species occurs in more open habitats and has a larger prey detection range. Red-tliroated , Meadow, and Water Pipit. Pipits breed in relatively closed habitats. Unlike wagtails, they occur in the areas with pronounced m icrorelief formed by tussocks, knolls, patches o f grass, scrub, or rock outcrops. In respect to habitat preferences all th ree species clearly differ by the degree o f ground unevenness. The Red-throated Pipit breeds in most closed habitats formed by large hum ­ mocks. Therefore, its typical habitat is wet hummock tundra. This species also occurs in high and dense grassland that forms tussocks along wet stream and lake shores. The height o f hummocks and other elements o f microrelief in R ed -th roat­ ed Pipit habitats is 1 5 -4 0 cm (Fig. 3.36, Khlebosolov 1993). E.L Khlebosolov The wet tundra with high hummocks is the typical Red-throated Pipit habitat. 157