The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

B f c , « « , Figure 3.33. Habitats o f Meadow Pipits (A), Northern Wheatear (B), and Bluethroat (C) in mountain tundra. 1 —small lakes and streams; 2 —peat tussocks; 3 —rock outcrops; 4 —pine stands; 5 —birch stands. Northern Wheatears inhabit open areas without high and dense herbaceous veg­ etation. The optimal habitats are dry stony and turf-covered parts of the tundra locat­ ed on the slopes or at the foothills. The species also breeds along the steep coasts of rivers, streams, or sea. In the Northern Wheatear habitats the ground has the m icrore­ lief unevenness o f 3—10 cm. The microrelief is formed by tussocks, hillocks, small pebbles, detritus minerals (Khlebosolov 1994, Khlebosolov et al. 2001). N o rthern Wheatears forage on the ground. Their foraging behaviour includes shorts runs and looking for prey at intervals. Sometimes the bird looks for prey from an elevated site, then makes a short flight and picks the food item from the ground (Fig. 3.34). S-o. 80 - H . 0)?v ^о, 5 (Г S S—o, 7 (^F - ° ’30^ ^ °'40-H N(S) = 53 (2365) Figure 3.34. Succession and frequency of foraging m anoeuvres o f N orthern Wheatears: F —flight; H —hop; S —search­ ing for prey; P - pick. N(S) is the number of successions, in parenthesis the overall obser­ vation time (s). Numbers show the frequen­ cy o f foraging manoeuvres after the preced­ ing ones The N orthern Wheatear is a characteristic bird o f the mountain tundra. P.K. Blashkin 155