The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

N(S) = 94 (4386) Figure 3.17. Succession and frequency o f foraging manoeuvres o f Spotted Flycatchers. P — pick; S —searching for prey; F —flight; AH —flight into the air; H F —hovering flight; FP — flight —pick —landing; FF —pursuit o f insects; G l - gleaning. N (S) is the num ber o f succes­ sions, in parenthesis, the overall observation time (s). Numbers show the frequency o f foraging manoeuvres after the preceding ones, arrows show the direction o f hops and flights (M arochkina et al. 2006). 8.1 s) and by catching it after a long aerial pursuit with manoeuvres (Fig. 3.17). The pursuit is usually horizontal and less frequently is made downwards and upwards. Sometimes Spotted Flycatchers take food by upwards or downwards flights after hovering. “ Flight to the substrate” , “pursuit o f an insect” and “ collecting” manoeuvres are used less frequently. After a successful pursuit a Spotted Flycatcher often returns to its perch. When looking for prey, Spotted Flycatchers, like Pied Flycatchers, make nearly no hops along or between the branches, but move on the wings. Spotted Flycatchers usually move for 1 - 3 m and very rarely make shorter flights (Marochkina et al. 2006). Flycatchers co-habit with many other forest-dwelling passerines of Pasvik and often forage in the crowns of the same trees. However, they avoid competition with other birds by using a peculiar strategy o f food search and foraging. Flycatchers sel­ dom take food from foliage, branches and trees. Usually they wait for prey perched and catch it by a quick flight into the air o r to some feeding substrate (Preobrazhenskaya 1998, Marochkina et al. 2006, Khlebosolov et al. 2006b). The difference between the ecological niches that allow Pied and Spotted Flycatchers to