The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

,0,53 -0 ,4 3 - '0,64__ J)Ai" -0 ,5 3 - 'о,64^ _ 0 ,5 3 ' -0 ,6 4 - "о,43 F / F \ F-* F \ F / F— F / F-* F \ 0,38 - 0 , 2 9 ^ p p 0,17 0.47 0,45 - 0,30^ AH - 0,29 0,22 ^ 0 ,7 0 - 0,19^ H F 0,11 / 0,16 N(S)= 110(3165) Figure 3.16. Succession and frequency of foraging manoeuvres o f Pied Flycatchers. P —pick; S —searching for prey; F —flight; AH —flight into the air; HF —hovering flight; FP - flight — pick — landing; FF —pursuit o f insects; GI - gleaning. N(S) is the number of successions, in parenthesis, the overall observation time (s). Numbers show the frequency o f foraging m anoeu­ vres after the preceding ones, arrows show the direction o f hops and flights (Marochkina et al. 2006 ). flights are usually made downwards or upwards. Sometimes Pied Flycatchers pick invertebrates after flights to the ground, and hover over needles, leaves or branch- lets. They very rarely hop, but move along and between the branches mainly with the help o f their wings. A new series of foraging manoeuvres starts from looking around that lasts for 1—6 s. Approximately 70% o f the flights do not exceed I m. Flights up to 0.3 m are used for hunting within tree crowns. Generally, Pied Flycatchers move for short distances (Marochkina et al. 2006). Spotted Flycatchers mainly feed in the lower peripheral parts o f pine and birch crowns and beneath the crowns. They perch on solitary dry knots (Fig. 3.15) and very rarely forage in the inner parts o f tree crowns. For this species the crown structure is less important than the presence o f open space between and under the crowns and lack o f dense underbrush (Marochkina et al. 2006). The foraging behaviour o f Spotted Flycatchers is characterised by looking _ The Spotted Flycatcher is an uncommon for- for prey for a longer time (on average est-dwelling bird. 133