The birds of Pasvik / E. I. Khlebosolov, O. A. Makarova, O. A. Khlebosolova [et al. ; English transl. Nikita Chernetsov]. - Ryazan : Golosgubernii, 2007. - 175 с. : ил., портр.

The G reater G o ld en Plover is a typical inhabitant o f raised bogs and the m ountain tundra. Along with sandpipers, typical inhabitants o f raised bogs are the G re ater G olden Plover and Whimbrel. These shorebirds occupy sim ilar habitats and prefer ridge and hollows combinations in the open bogs (Kumari 2002). Both species occur and for­ age on the ridges, hummocks or sphagnum tussocks. However, th e ir foraging m e th ­ ods are quite different which allows them to avoid com petition. G re ater Golden Plovers when feeding quickly move through the bog and collect food from the surface o f ridges and hummocks. Whimbrels use a specific foraging technique: they deeply probe the peat sod at the basis o f hummocks w ith their long curved bill. The comm on members o f the swamp ecosystems o f Pasvik are th e Comm on and Jack Snipes. Both these species forage by deeply p robing the soft ground with their bills and prefer sites w ith shallow water and relatively th ick layer o f soft silt. Such substrates usually occur in lowland swamps or in some patches w ithin raised bogs. The Jack Snipe prefers wetter places th an the C omm on Snipe. The B road-billed Sandpiper is rather un comm o n in th e swamps o f Pasvik. However, in some areas this shorebird is a comm on species. Fo r example, in the IHvre Pasvik national park (Norway) in the large T omm am ira bog the breeding density o f Broad-billed Sandpipers in 1999 reached 6.2 pairs* km 2. These birds occurred in relatively flat wet moss and sedge and moss patch es w ithin the bog (Annals o f N ature... 2001). The Ruff and to a lesser extent the B ar-tailed G odw it regularly o ccu r in wet sedge mires. These birds forage by probing the sludgy g round between the h um ­ mocks or sedge tussocks. Waders of the mountain tundra In the m oun tain tund ra few shorebirds occur. M ost typical are the G rea te r Golden Plover, Whimbrel, and Eurasian D otterel (Fig. 2.10). U nlike the bogs 100 N.V. Kudryavtsev