Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

Descriptions of principal plant phenophases 221 13. PEAK LEAF COLORATION International phase code BBCH 94 (Growing stage.., 2001; Meier et al., 2009) Phase description The phase is considered to have begun when 50% or more of plant specimens of a species in the transect have fully changed foliage color. Peak foliage coloration evolves into full coloration when nearly the entire foliage has turned to autumn colors, tree and shrub crowns have become yellow, red or brown. The minor amounts of leaves remaining greenish are disregarded. The inside of the crown in pine becomes all yellow, as if ‘scorched’. Further info Fenolog. rgo.ru: Full leaf coloration is the day when the entire foliage in the observed plants has turned to autumn colors. Terentjeva E. Yu. (2008): Spontaneous leaf senescence in deciduous trees takes the form of autumn coloration, when leaves turn from green to late season colors, and the following leaf fall. Leaf coloration in au tumn is a typical example of a gradual phase onset. Where the task is to quantitatively compare the progress of leaf coloration in different tree or shrub specimens, forms or species or at different locations within the same form, one should arrange for recording certain points in the process, which can be pinned down quite accurately. A gradual phase onset is hardly applicable in this case. The easiest and most convenient points for recording are variegation, fu ll coloration, and end of leaf fall. Variegation is recorded on the day when, as estimated visually, a half of a tree’s or shrub’s foliage has turned yellow, and a half has remained green. Full coloration is recorded on the day when all leaves in a crown have changed color, and the occasional leaves remaining green (given that they do not stand out against the overall discolored background) are disregarded. Sinel’nikova N. V. and Pakhomov M. N. (2015): Full leaf coloration is the situation when all leaves have turned to late season colors. The end of the autumn leaf coloration phase is observed after a sharp air and soil