Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

218 A phenological atlas of plants 11. PEAK OF FRUIT RIPENING, PEAK OF SEED SPREAD International phase code BBCH 87 (Growing stage.., 2001; Meier et al., 2009) Phase description The phase is considered to have begun when 50% or more of plants along the route bear ripe fruits. Timing of this phase is especially important for people, as it indicates when fruits and seeds can be harvested. It is during full flowering or peak fruiting that visual and other assess ments of flowering and fruiting are particularly relevant. Further info Beideman I. N. (1974): Full petal fall in all flowers indicates fruit setting is at peak. Ripening of dry fruits is determined by the change of their color and shedding. Juicy fruits are considered ripe when they have turned to their typical color and became soft to touch. Terentjeva E. Yu. (2008): Fruit and seed ripening phase - fruits have reached a normal size, are turning to ripe color. Peak seed shedding - a majority of fruits on most plant specimens have shed seeds. Sinel’nikova N. V. and Pakhomov M. N. (2015): Peak fru it ripening - more than 50% of plant specimens bear ripe fruits (cones). Capsules, pods and other fruit types dry up and begin shedding seeds. 12. BEGINNING OF LEAF COLORATION International phase code BBCH 92 (Growing stage.., 2001; Meier et al., 2009) Phase description The phase is considered to have begun when there are 10% of plants with autumn-color leaves (needles) or entire branches (strands), im plying that the leaf (branch) are colored all over. The process of leaf color change (to red, yellow, orange, brown, etc.) gains pace slowly. The first autumn leaves usually appear in the mid- or lower crown. Soon after that, a birch tree, for instance, would have entire branches