Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

Introduction 185 The territory is then surveyed to choose the suitable route. It must harbour the selected plants, making sure that they grow within their typical communities. It is crucial that sampling is always carried out along the same route and the groups of plants sampled are always the same. Before you begin, make a description of the route, determine the GPS coordinates of its start and end points, elevation above sea level, and map it. Every route must have a certificate specifying its location, coordinates, length, sketch map, date of establishment, names of the founder and observers, list of the main plant communities, list of sampled plants distributed among these communities, list of phenophases, reference to the protocol. The sketch map should desirably include the locations of the main sampled plant groups in each community. All this information w ill be very much needed by new observers replacing the old ones. The route’s surroundings must be free of man-made structures and facilities that may influence phenophase timing or distort the natural scene of phase transition (district heating pipelines, power lines, industrial facilities, houses, landfills, etc.). in other words, the route should run through natural habitats typical of the given area. For a route plotted through a settlement (urban or rural) preference should be given to the outskirts, as far away from buildings and human impact as possible, i.e. through parks, gardens, alleys, any green spaces. Sampling frequency Phenology observations in the High North have some peculiarities. At the onset of plant growth, from mid or late April to late May or early June, phenophase transition is usually slow and the route can be visited once in 7 days. As the weather gets warmer, the growth and development of plants accelerate. In the Murmansk Region, the frequency of walking the routes from late May - early June to mid or late July should be at least twice a week, but better yet every 2-3 days. It would be wise to assign certain days for that, say Tuesday and Friday. As to the time of day, it is best to walk the route slightly before midday, when most plants open up their flowers and the phenophase can be unmistakably determined (this is especially important for inflorescence initiation and flowering phases). As a rule, weather doesn’t matter. It is only in the case of pouring or