Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

182 A phenological alias of plants METHODS OF PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS The essential thing to do prior to commencing any study is to adequate ly choose the methods and properly organize data sampling and other activities. An error, inaccuracy or ill-designed process would in the long run affect the output, necessitate revisions, and limit data interoperability. It makes sense here to list the key methodological principles of phe nological monitoring (cited after Solovyov, 2005a; Phenological Obser vations, 1982): • locality-basedprinciple - observations should be accurately referenced to specific locality; • consistencyprinciple - observations should be repeated annually in the same locality and on the same objects; • periodicity principle - sampling frequency should be sufficient for accurate determination of the dates of onset and advancement of seasonal events; • comparability principle - a common (uniform) procedure should be applied to determination of the timing of seasonally recurring events and definitions of phenophase development stages (beginning, peak and end) should be standardized; • hoarding principle - regional phenology information should be pooled in a central facility; • statistical confidence principle - facilitated by relevant verification of phenological monitoring results and the procedure fo r their mathematical processing; • objectivity principle - sampling should be replicated by several observers in the same geographical point. Where this essential requirement is fulfilled, far-outlying phenodates can be discarded already at early stages of phenology information sampling. This can be achieved by several observers simultaneously coming to a site or where a school or an extracurricular facility have a permanent phenology interest group. The wonderful endeavour of nature watching is open to all ages. If you want the data to be truly useful, sample them on a regular basis.