Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

Perennial plants - having reached a certain age these plants can flower and bear fruit every year. Their habit can be herbaceous, dwarf shrub, or tree. Perianth (floral envelope) - the part of a flower that surrounds and protects stamens and pistils. Can be simple (only sepals) or double (both calyx and corolla). Phenodate - the calendar date on which a given seasonally recurring event occurred in the current year. Phenological indicator - a certain seasonally recurring event or phenophase which distinctly signifies (indicates) a change in the pheno logical season (stage) of a year. The dates on which such indicators are noted serve as the basis for dividing the phenological season into stages. Phenological monitoring - the system for arranging long-term recording of the dates of seasonal events at permanent sampling points, centralized collection, hoarding and statistical-analytical processing of data on the timing of seasonally recurring events in the nature. Phenophase - a certain development stage (period) a plant is in at a given moment. Falls into onset, peak and end. To estimate the duration of a phase one needs to know the dates when a plant entered and completed it. Pistil - the female element of a flower, comprising the ovary, style and stigma. The stigma receives pollen, the ovary is fertilized, and after flowering is over a fruit (infructescence) with seeds forms in place of the pistil. Pollen - fine powdery substance whose grains contain male sexual cells of a plant. Root - axial vegetative organ of a plant, never bears leaves, usually below-ground. The types of root system are taproot (with explicit main root), fibrous (no obvious main root; composed of multiple roots) and a mixed type. Seasonally recurring event - external manifestations of a certain stage in the seasonal cycle of a natural object. As a documented moment of an object’s seasonal state, a phenological event is recorded by just one calendar date. Seed development - the process of seed formation and maturation. Same as fruit development, but the term is applied to plants bearing dry fruits (spruce, pine, birch, cranesbill). Приложения. Appendixes ......................................................................................................... 169