Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

168 Фенологический атлас растений. A phenological atlas of plants Flower bud - unexpanded perianth. Contains a plant’s generative (reproductive) organs formed inside it. Fruit development - the process of fruit formation and ripening in plants. Generative (reproductive) organs of a plant - organs of a plant that serve for reproduction: flowers, fruits and seeds. Generative bud - a bud from which generative (reproductive) organs develop. Gymnosperms - different from Angiosperms in that their ovules (and then seeds) are not enclosed in containers (so called "naked"). Ovary is a scale-like structure on which one or more ovules are situated. The foliage leaves of most of the species are hard (needles), not shed during adverse seasons. The reproductive organs are male and female cones. About 1100 species, mainly in the conifer class (pine, spruce and others). The life-form is trees. Half-shrub - a plant life-form ; intermediate between dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants. Lower parts of shoots in such plants become lignified, and upper parts die. On winters with favorable conditions stems don’t die completely and resume growth in the following year. Under severe climatic conditions such plants are exposed to the risk of shoot freezing injury. Herbaceous plants - a plant life-form ; plants with fleshy, green shoots that don't get completely lignified (such as wood cranesbill, chickweed-wintergreen, rosebay willowherb), Life-form (habit) - the growth form of a plant associated with its evolutionary and seasonal development and the structure of individual organs. The life-form is a result of a plant’s adaptation to certain natural and climatic conditions. The main life-forms distinguished are: tree, shrub, dwarf shrub, half-shrub, herbaceous plant. Monocarp (monocarpic plant) - a plant that flowers and bears fruit once and then dies. A majority of them are annual or biennial plants. Monoecious plants - having unisexual flowers on the same individual plant. Mostly wind-pollinated (e.g. birch, alder, pine, spruce). Ovary - the enlarged lower part of the pistil, where cells are fertilized and which develops into a seed-bearing fruit.