Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016.

Приложения. Appendixes 167 Appendix 7b G lo s s a r y o f t e r m s Angiosperms (flowering) plants - differ from Gymnosperms in that the former have flowers - an organ of sexual reproduction in plants, and closed containers for ovules (and then seeds). Prevail in the plant cover, over 270 000 species. Fall into two classes - Monocotyledonous (monocots) and Dicotyledonous (dicots) plants. The life-form of monocots is herbaceous, not so often tree-like; there are some 67 families of them (liliaceous, graminoid, etc.). The diversity of dicots is enormous, over 350 families, around 175,000 species; the life-forms of dicots are trees, shrubs, herbaceous. Annual plants - living for one year, within which they germinate from seeds, flower, bear fruit and die. Anther - the pollen producing part of a flower’s stamen. Aspect - overall seasonal appearance of a natural complex. Depends on the time of year, development phase of the prevalent (dominant) plant species. Biennial plants - in the first year a plant’s vegetative structures develop from seeds, in the second year the plant grows a floral shoot. The plant dies after fruiting. Annual and biennial plants are usually herbaceous. Bud - primordial shoot. Anatomically, buds can be vegetative (comprise the primordial axis/stem terminating in a growing point and primordial leaves) and generative/reproductive (form primordia of a flower or inflorescence). Dioecious plants - the female and male flowers develop on separate plants (specimens), ‘intwo houses’- Greek -oikos ‘house’ (e.g. willow, aspen). Dwarf shrub - a plant life-form; a perennial plant, similar to a shrub but rather short. Hardly ever higher than 50 cm, usually 10-30 cm (e.g. cowberry, bilberry, Labrador tea, bog rosemary). Dwarf shrubs are the dominants in tundra vegetation and the ground cover of northern boreal forests, mountain tundra and alpine belts. Flower - a plant’s generative organ , develops from a generative bud. Is composed of a peduncle (pedicel, receptacle and bracts), calyx (performs the protective function), and corolla (facilitates pollination and protects the pistil and stamens).