Макарова, О. А. Фенологический атлас растений / Н. В. Поликарпова, О. А. Макарова ; М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповедник «Пасвик» ; [худож.: Хохлов В. А. ; пер.: Кислова О. С.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2016. – 235 с. : цв. ил., карты, табл.

Приложения. Appendixes 1 6 1 Appendix 6b V is u a l p la n t f lo w e r in g a n d r ip e n in g a s s e s s m e n t s c a le s ( a f t e r F ilo n o v a n d N u k h im o v s k a y a , 1 9 8 5 ; h t t p : / / f e n o lo g . r g o . r u ) Flowering and fruiting in plants are assessed during fu ll flowering or peak fruiting. The yield in conifers is assessed late in autumn based on the number of cones with seeds that have matured in the current year (old seedless cones are easily distinguishable from fresh ones by darker color and deflected scales). The following scale fo r assessing the yield of cones, fruits and seeds in trees and shrubs is suggested (after V. G. Kapper): 0 - failure; no cones, fruits or seeds. 1 - poor yield; scant cones, fruits or seeds on isolated trees and along forest margins; negligible amounts on trees inside the woods. 2 - low yield; evenly distributed and satisfactory fruiting on isolated trees and along forest margins, and minor fruiting inside the woods. 3 - average yield; substantial fruiting on isolated trees and along forest margins, and satisfactory fruiting inside the woods. U - high yield; abundant fruiting on isolated trees and along forest margins, and high fruiting inside the woods. 5 - very high yield; abundant fruiting throughout. Mushroom fruiting is an intermittent process. The first, early summer, fruiting period (layer) is usually short and yields little. The second layer is most often observed in July. The longest and most fruitful third layer is usually timed to August-September. When monitoring the phenology of mushrooms one should record the date of first sighting of a species, and for the peak mushroom growth period the dates and quantitative estimates of the yield should be recorded. Visual yield assessment scale fo r mushrooms (after N. N. Galakhov): 1 - failure; no mushrooms. 2 - poor yield; very few mushrooms, found only in favourable habitats.