Ханс Сконнинг. Первый орнитолог Пасвика : [сборник] / М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповед. «Пасвик» ; [сост.: Макарова О. А. и др. ; пер.: Куринский А. С. и др.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2014.

C om parative an a ly sis of changes in P a sv ik b ird fa u n a .. tailed Eagle are the most common in the central part of the river where the dis tance between the dams is relatively large and parts of the natural river bed are still in place. Apparently, the well-developed agriculture in the Paz valley on the Norwegian side also facilitates survival of White-tailed Eagle in this area. However, in general, most of waterfowl and near-water birds have adjusted themselves to hydrological changes. Like one hundred years ago, Red-throated Diver, Black-throated Diver, Bean Goose, Whooping Swan, European Widgeon, Golden Eye, Tuft Duck, Goosander, and Red-breasted Merganser are common now, the numbers of Mallard and Magpie Diver have grown. Schaanning’s book presents a great amount of very interesting informa tion, subtle observations, and phenological peculiarities almost in all species. The phenology may give wonderful materials to study the climate influence on birds’ incoming and outgoing migration. Thus, Y.V. Bianki (Chronicles of nature.., 1997) compares Wessel’s information on some birds’ arrival and the modern data. It turns out th a t the arrival dates are quite close, and for Snow- bunting they practically have not changed for the century. Analysis of pheno logical phenomena in birds’ lives shows tha t there have been no dramatic changes in their life schedules, and the differences in the mean many-year dates are not always large and fit the limits typical of the species. Like one hundred years ago, these days Bean Geese arrive early in May(01.05 / 01.05*), Cuckoos - late in May (29.05 / 28.05). Snow-buntings and White Wagtails arrive approximately one week later now (26.03 / 02.04) and (07.05 / 15.05), respectively. Some species arrive considerably earlier these days. For exam ple, Mew Gulls arrive three weeks earlier (14.05 / 21.04), and Bramble Finches - two weeks earlier (13.05 / 01.05). At the same time, certain species now arrive just a few days earlier: Bluethroat (28.05 / 26.05), Redwing (11.05 / 08.05), Golden Eye (05.05 / 02.05), and House Martin (28.05 / 24.05). In general, analysis of changes in bird population structure in the Paz val ley over the one hundred-year period shows th a t natural ecosystems retain their typical list of species. Territory development by man resulting into changes of the birds’ natural environment is the main factor of bird fauna transformation. The birds’ living conditions th a t have emerged are not typi cal of the northern ecosystems. This gave some species an opportunity to pop ulate the territory, whereas areas suitable for other species have decreased. Identification of specific bird species’ ecological peculiarities helps find out the factors tha t limit the population number, as well as set forth requirements to habitat conditions. This facilitates conservation of individual species and groups of birds, and analysis of long-term observation series combined with the study of changes in the environment conditions helps understand what processes form the basis of biodiversity variations in this territory. 4Mean many-year date of phenological event (according to Schaanning / modern data from Pasvik Reserve). 1 9 0