Ханс Сконнинг. Первый орнитолог Пасвика : [сборник] / М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповед. «Пасвик» ; [сост.: Макарова О. А. и др. ; пер.: Куринский А. С. и др.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2014.

C om parative an aly sis of changes in P a sv ik b ird fa u n a .. The growth of human population and industrial development of the region brought about reduction of old coniferous forest areas. Changes and frag mentations of large forest massifs, increase of hunting pressure and a grow ing number of interference factors have impacted the population of Wood Grouse. Early in the XX century its population was considerably larger, and now these birds do not form large lekking grounds like those described by Schaanning (Zatsarinny et al., 2012). Regulation of the River Paz watercourse has impacted the water, near water, and marshland habitats of birds. Apparently, marchlands and near shore (scrub) locations have suffered the least changes. Like one hundred years ago, Sandpipers represent the main group of wetland ecosystems. Wood Sandpiper, Snipe, Greenshank, Jacksnipe, Spotted Redshank, Ruff, Whimbrel, and Golden Plover are still as common as they used to be, and among the Passerines Yellow Wagtail, White Wagtail, and Meadow Pipit are numerous. However, one may notice that Grey Crane is commonly seen and nests on marshlands every year whereas it was quite rare in the past, and Great Shrike, by contrast, has become rare and is not observed annually. The scrub bird fauna has not undergone serious changes. Like one hun dred years ago, these habitats are populated by Reed Bunting, Blue-throated Warbler, and Sedge Warbler. The two latter species may considerably vary in quantity in different years. Sedge Warbler was quite common in the Paz val ley even 15 years ago, but now it is found rather seldom and its distribution pattern is mosaic. The distribution and abundance of Blue-throated Warbler is similar. It has been found rarely in the upper course of the Paz in the latest five years whereas 10-15 years ago it was one of the most numerous bird species. However, this trend is not observed everywhere: for example, in the lower part of the valley and in the adjacent areas further north (forest tundra birch thin forest) Blue-throated Warbler is found annually in great numbers. The changes of the river hydrology affected in a bigger scale the birds which distribution is related to certain areas of the shoreline, the river rapids, and natural fluctuation of the water level during the nesting season. The change of the watercourse, appearance of flooded area, sudden drop or accu mulation of water in the river system in the process of hydro-power plant operation throughout the year, apparently, has resulted in population decrease of Bar-tailed Godwit, Ring Plover, and Temminck's Stint. Most of rapids have disappeared and this affected the distribution and abundance of Dipper. This species, so numerous and widespread early in the XX century, has become extremely rare. Today, Dipper nests only in a few places with remaining rapids on the river, and in winter it settles close to the HPP can- nels - the only places where the water is ice-free in winter. Construction of hydro-power plants also affected fish-eating birds of prey because it became the reason for changes in food supply and accessibility of food, and not all hunting areas remained intact. Presently, Osprey and White 18 9