Ханс Сконнинг. Первый орнитолог Пасвика : [сборник] / М-во природ. ресурсов и экологии Рос. Федерации, Федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение «Гос. природ. заповед. «Пасвик» ; [сост.: Макарова О. А. и др. ; пер.: Куринский А. С. и др.]. - Рязань : Голос губернии, 2014.

C om parative a n a ly sis of changes in P a sv ik b ird fa u n a . latest decade; Chaffinch are in the process, and Robin and Chiffchaff are in the starting phase. Woodcock did not include into the list of birds (1907), it appeared later, but was rare (Schaanning, 1916). This species is known to have populated the Kola Peninsula quite recently because of coniferous forest cuttings and fires with their follow-up replacement with birch. In the early 1930’s Woodcock could be found in the southern part of Lapland Reserve, and as early as in 1957 it was registered close to the Kola Bay at the latitude of Murmansk (Semyonov- Tyan-Shansky, 1959; Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Gilyazov, 1991). Today, in the River Paz valley Woodcock is quite common and prefers vegetated former cu t ting areas and forest near large lakes to roads and other forest-free spaces (Sobchuk, Zatsarinny 2011; Zatsarinny et al., 2012). Gradual reforestation of transformed forest areas, obviously, facilitates increase in population of Hazel Grouse which was quite small-numbered early in the XX century in this te rri tory (Schaanning, 1907). Presently, it is more common, and this species’ habi tats are associated with forests, always with deciduous trees among the timber stand: birch, willow, aspen, alder, and pine and birch as the second growth (Sobchuk, Zatsarinny 2011; Zatsarinny et al., 2012). The industrial transformation of the te rrito ry gave new habitats and food sources to certain birds. Thus, Rock-pigeon and House Sparrow have appeared and live permanently in settlements - these are species not typical of the indigenous ecosystems of the North. Like one hundred years ago, Hooded Crow and Raven are common but not numerous in the natural ecosystems, but they can be seen all the year round in settlements and their vicinity, in ag ri cultural territories and dump-sites. Other species have also adjusted them selves to settlements, for example, Mew Gull and Herring Gull, White Wagtail, House Martin, and diurnal birds of prey. Development of motor road networks facilitates White Wagtail’s spreading along the roads. Construction of bridges, dams, hydro-power plants and other concrete structures helped House Martin settle deep in the River Paz valley and populate the area with out rocky mountainous areas. Sand extraction and new quarries resulted in appearing of Bank Swallow’s colonies there. At the same time, one cannot say th a t industrial transformation of forests and territories, in general, had a positive impact on all b irds’ living environment. Forest cutting and hydrological changes resulted in changes of the valley birch groves which serve as the main habitat of, for example, Fieldfare and Arctic Warbler. Today, like one hundred years ago, Fieldfare is widespread in the whole region’s territory, but it does not form large nesting colonies any more, unlike those described by Schaanning. Both in the past and now, Arctic Warbler is rarely seen in the central and southern parts of the Paz valley, but presently it is practically not found also in the northern areas where it used to be quite common a century ago. 1 8 8