Ecosystem and human health assessment to define environmental management strategies: the case of long-term human impacts on an Arctic lake / Moiseenko T. I., Gashkina N. A., Voinov A. A. [et al.] // The Science of the Total Environment. - 2006. - Т. 369, № 1-3. - С. 1-20.

16 TI. Moiseenko et al. /Science o f the Total Environment 369 (2006) 1-20 Table 7 Significant norrelation coefficients (p > 0.01) between diseases and pathology of the systems and organs (% of the surveyed patients) of the population city Kola Peninsula from concentration trace element in drinking water, as well as from level of their accumulation in liver and kidney (crossed out section — not significant) Trace elements Renal Liver Disease of bodies of Disease of blood and Disease of circulation disease disease digestion hemopoietic tissues system Concentration in water, Mg/l Ni - 0.63 0.89 - 0.73 Cu - 0.64 0.91 0.67 0.77 Co 0.93 0.75 0.85 0.90 0.91 Cr - - - 0.76 0.70 Sr - - - - - Cd 0.87 0.76 0.87 0.77 0.83 Pb 0.97 - - 0.69 0.70 Zn - - 0.81 0.61 0.68 Itox-2 I Q / GCi-d.„ 0.76 0.77 0.95 0.79 0.86 Accumulation in liver, м/g dry Ni 0.70 - 0.79 - 0.76 weight Cu 0.94 0.65 0.84 0.80 0.90 Co - - 0.85 - 0.88 Cr - - 0.71 - - Sr - - - - - Cd - - - - - Pb - - 0.76 - 0.72 Accumulation in kidney, м/g Ni - - 0.82 - 0.71 dry weight Cu 0.77 - - 0.81 0.75 Co - - 0.80 - 0.80 Cr - - 0.88 - 0.72 Sr - - - - - Cd - - 0.81 - 0.78 Pb 0.36 0.59 0.82 0.53 0.64 The analysis of data on drinking water quality, human morbidity, metal accumulation in kidneys and liver from the postmortem examination, and their pathogenesis suggest a direct relationship between growth of mortality and the index of drinking water quality, and a strong correlation between disease etiology and the sub-toxic prolonged effect of metals on the human organism. 7. Discussion and conclusions Once Lake Imandra was an oligotrophic water body with ultra-fresh water. The aquatic community consisted of cryophilic stenobiotic species, which are characteristic for the Paleoarctic. For more than 60 years the lake served as a sink of toxic pollution accompanied by nutrients, which were dumped into the lake with untreated domestic sewage and industrial waste. From the stable pristine state the ecosystem has transformed into a new developing phase, in which the number oftypical Paleoarctic species, vulnerable to contaminants, is decreasing while the num­ ber of eurybiontic species is increasing. This transition is enhanced by high concentrations of nutrients and weaker competition with typical Arctic species. As a result, the community structure is simplified, as well as the trophic chains. In benthic communities the toxic pollution is resulting in high numbers of midges (Chironomidae family) that are resistant to heavy metal pollution. In some areas, where eutrophication is prominent, the massive growth of Tubificidae was observed. As toxic pollution started to decrease during the recent years, there was a re-colonization by native Arctic inhabitants. Dominant complexes started to change, increasing the biodiversity index of plankton commu­ nities. Accumulated nutrients are still involved in the biological cycle in the ecosystem, as seen from the ratio of total P to mineral P (orthophosphate) (8.7 in 2003 vs. 2.6 in 1983). The number of predators in the structure of the zooplankton and benthic, and, apparently, fish communities has increased. Algal biomass did not decrease in the last years. Unfortunately, we do not have exact data about fish production over this period. However, interviews show that unorganized fish catches (poaching) have increased. At the same time biomass of zooplankton and benthos is decreasing, which can be explained by two factors: (i) increasing dominance of predatory forms in these communities; (ii) uptake by fish in conditions of lower toxic pollution and its higher