Ecosystem and human health assessment to define environmental management strategies: the case of long-term human impacts on an Arctic lake / Moiseenko T. I., Gashkina N. A., Voinov A. A. [et al.] // The Science of the Total Environment. - 2006. - Т. 369, № 1-3. - С. 1-20.

T.I. Moiseenko et al. /Science o f the Total Environment 369 (2006) 1-20 15 In terms of the data mentioned above, despite the fact that drinking water is mainly contaminated by Ni and Cu, Cd has the strongest accumulative ability in the human body, and that turns out to be the biggest danger in terms of migration of elements within the region. Lake Moncha that is the source of the Monchegorsk water supply is located in the zone of the most intensive acid depositions. By the level of complex accumulation of heavy metals in liver and kidneys of people the cities can be ordered as Monchegorsk, Apatity, and Olene­ gorsk. This order correlates with the decreasing degree of heavy metals concentration in drinking water in the urban supply. The analysis of canonic correlations can illustrate the differences in the microelement content in the main human organs in the cities with different content of heavy metals in drinking water. Fig. 8 p resents the graphics of diversity in projections 1 and 2 of the function roots, which make the best discrimination between the groups of examined patients under different control in different cities. The patients examined in Monchegorsk are most different in heavy metal content from the control group. Slight overlapping of the indices of metal accumulations in humans in Monchegorsk and Apatity indicates that the latter is also effected by metal pollution in drinking water. Histological analysis of 100 samples of liver and kidney produced 24 cases with some pathological processes, which have not been diagnosed before. Histological picture of pathogenesis in liver is often seen in fat dystrophy hepatocyte cells, their singular necrosis; in some cases it is the hemociderosis, in 5 cases — it was the toxic destruction, and in 10 cases — Fig. 8. Graphs of diversity in projections 1 and 2 for function roots, which make the best discrimination between the groups of examined patients under different control in different towns. fat dystrophy of liver. Histological picture of kidney patho-genesis is also clear: in 5 cases we had nephrosclerosis at its initial stage, in 5 cases — glomerulonephrite and in 1 case — amiloidosis (Megorsky, 2003) . All these cases are not in the level of disease; they are only of polyetiological character, which does not exclude toxic pathogenesis influenced by heavy metals. It has been determined that in addition to inflamma­ tory changes there are original focal diastrophic and necrobiotical changes in vessels — capillary, pre­ capillary, and small veins. Morphological changes are characterized by breaks of small veins, high penetrating ability, which leads to edema of tissue and cirrhosis or cirrhosis hemorrhage inflammation in tissues of Kor- covogo and cerebral matter. Besides, we found 36 cases with bladder stones previously not diagnosed, which accounts for 12% from a total number of examined material (Megorsky, 2003) . These investigations are consistent with the statistical data on bladder-stone morbidity growth. These cases of pathological toxic etiology, which have progressing latency, may lead to poor health, developing sickness and growth of mortality. High correlation between human morbidity in the cities and vicinities, and the quality of drinking water and bioaccumulation of metals have proved the assumption about the effect of drinking water contam­ ination by metals upon human health (Table 7) . Evidently, the pathology of kidneys is closely connected to concentrations of such elements as Cd, Cr, and Pb. Ni and Cu concentrations in human liver and kidneys was lower than for Cd. Cadmium turns out to be very hazardous for the Arctic. There are reliable relationships between the index of urinogenital system and high accumulation of Cd, Cr, and Pb in tissues, which is especially high for people living in Monchegorsk, and Cd, Cr for Apatity. The pathology in gepathosis has direct correlation with Pb, Cd, and Ni accumulation in Monchegorsk, Apatity and Olenegorsk. A similar integrated toxicity index Itox_2 was inserted into the correlation matrix to estimate the total effect of metals in drinking water on human health. In this case we used the GC for drinking water: Itox_2= £(Ci/GCi_d.w) (see Table 6) . There is significant correlation between I tox-2 and human health, which makes us assume that direct sub-toxic concentrations of metals in drinking water have a stronger negative effect on human health than on the cumulative function. However, the stomach- intestinal illnesses have stronger connection to both the metal content in water and the accumulation in human body tissues.