Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

modes of production. In any way, a characteristic feature of the private property is an individual possession of means of production, the only distinction being the origin, i.e., earned or not earned. As distinct from this form of property, the public property presupposes a joint possession of the means of production by the work collective, by a social group, a class, or by the society as a whole. Correspondingly, different forms of public property form, such as joint-stock form of property, cooperative property, state property, regional property, or municipal property. In the process of reformation, the variety of forms of property removes the threat of capitalist degeneration since the capitalism, at least its stage characterized exclusively by the non-eamed private property of the means of production, sank into oblivion with the completion of industrialization. But even if this identity is an illusion, there is no alternative to pluralism if we proceed from the necessity of regeneration of efficient native economy since the variant of socialist development with the only or even of dominating form of the state property, which was thoroughly verified for decades in many countries, gave everywhere a negative result. But the failure can be put down to an all-round deep deformation of property (the state property, first of all, which entailed the deformation of cooperative and collective property), and which did not prove to be efficient in any country, and this is sometimes done, but then involuntarily another inference suggests itself: the public property did not prove to be efficient since it had no roots for its existence in the productive forces themselves, which served as the basis for socialist construction. The public property was not only alien to the preindustrial stage of development of our country, but, as the experience of the developed states shows, does not meet, as a unique form, the needs of industrialization or of the scientific and technical progress, and, therefore, its regeneration into the commanding and administrative system was inevitable. The economy that can function efficiently is a compound economy in which the individual private property based on personal and even hired labor is preserved, and this is always far from equivalent to the relations of exploitation. This problem requires a thorough theoretical analysis, the more so as at a contemporary high stage of development of the world it obviously lost its acuteness. A flexible mechanism of regulation of relations between different subjects of the production process has been worked out The exploitation presupposes an unpaid appropriation of the surplus product by the owner of the means of production who does not take part in the production process. But it should be remembered that the management, being a link in the system of the public division of labor, is a highly qualified productive labor, and, therefore, it is not legitimate to consider a manager to be an exploiter. In the process of economic development, it is possible to find empirically the relation between the forms of the property that is optimal for every stage. And every time when this relation is violated, say, by the extension of the state property to an excessively wide range of means of production, the efficiency of production falls down. The necessity arises of restoring the violated relations by means of privatization. The former socialist countries, where the ideological doctrines prohibited the subdivision of the state economy into small units, can serve as vivid examples of the excessive collectivization of 6 4