Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

The experience worked out several methods of state stimulation, of separate branches and economies, namely, the formulation of tax allowances, the protection by high customs duties and, finally, direct subsidies. In a number of countries, these measures support the mining industry and agriculture. A necessary condition is the availability of requisite means (the federal stabilizing fund). In order to use it rationally, a well-coordinated policy is needed as well as the all-round and objective expert substantiations of the methods, sizes and objects of subsidies, and the belief that a high level of costs of production is due to natural factors and not to the drawbacks of organization. The management by the state of a part of productive forces may also be carried out by means of a direct administration of enterprises which are subordinate to the state. However, the forms and methods must be drastically changed with the transition to market relations and the commercialization of production. The new methods of management must, in the main, provide enterprises with necessary information concerning the demands for goods produced, render intermediary services in the supply of raw materials, fuel and components as well as in the field of investment activity, bearing in mind that direct economic ties will be established by the enterprises themselves. In essence, they must give high- quality forecasts that take into account all factors of production. The main thing is to ensure a high efficiency of state enterprises and their compatibility as compared to privately owned enterprises, and to extend constantly the sphere of its influence, but on the economic basis. 2.5. Reorganization of Management of the Fish Industry Complex as an Important Factor in Perfection of Economic Mechanism In late eighties, the main trends in the reorganization of management of fish industry were the transition of the industry to a two-link structure of management and the strengthening of the basic principle of management. The problem of reduction of some links in the management of the national economy and the drastic decrease in the number of administration personnel was already discussed some time earlier. Out of 18 million workers in the former USSR referred to as administrators, 16 million worked as managers in the main links of administration, and the annual fund of wages for these 16 million people constituted almost 39 milliard roubles. If we take into account the expenditures for social insurance (the allocations for the social insurance alone constituted S.S milliard roubles a year), traveling allowances, the costs of maintenance of buildings and other structures, of the servicing personnel, office cars, etc., this sum will increase by 25-40%, i.e., will be within the limits of 49-55 milliard a year. The time was ripe for introducing a proper order into this sphere. Of course, we cannot speak now of a complete liquidation of the administrative link or, as some economists write (G. Popov, for instance), of decreasing it 10-15 times. Utopias in economy led more than once to a still greater disorder in the economic mechanism and to a pronounced territorial or local industrial egoism. The creation of special conditions for some parts of a single complex of national 5 6