Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

The process o f variation o f the content o f labor is objective in character since it is caused by the development of the production forces including its principal production force, man. In the economic science, the content of labor is inteipreted as a collection of qualitatively determined functions of man as a producer of the value in use, or as a collection of ways for applying the abilities of working people in the production process__a complex of operations necessary to produce material and spiritual values. This collection is determined by the level of the technology development as well as by the production forces themselves, and by the organization of production. The scientific and technical progress which causes thefundamental changes in the means o fproduction becomes the main factor in the change of the labor content The material content of labor and the character of the production forces alter so that the manual labor is successively excluded. The customary executing functions are passed over to machine tools. The manual labor is replaced by automated labor, simple production processes are replaced by more complicated ones, direct labor operations are replaced by programmed and controlled systems of machine tools. The complete automation brings about qualitative changes in the part played by man in the production process. The working man is freed from a direct fulfillment of his production functions, and in the main performs the functions of control. The center of gravity of the production process is gradually transferred to a preliminary phase, namely, forecasting, planning, designing. The part played by research workers and engineers grows in importance correspondingly, the use of the results of investigations of natural and technical sciences speeds up. The acceleration of the scientific and technical progress advances the problem of the human factor to the foreground. The society needs people able of overcoming the inertia of the extensive development, possessing up-to-date scientific knowledge, a wide range of interests, and capable of ensuring the acceleration of social and economic development. The production operations become more complicated, the content of work changes, nonstandard operations in which mental and physical efforts organically combine become more and more important. The attention of those participating in the production processes is concentrated on the “human functions” proper when it is necessary to find optimal outcomes from complicated technological situations, to develop new technologies. The working man becomes free from a direct production process and changes from an executor into a creator, into an active transforming force. During the last half a century the share of the agricultural labor decreased three times, the share of industrial labor increased l.S times, and the share of labor concerned with the processing of information, servicing and directing of collectives increased about two times. During the same period, the proportion of simple physical labor decreased 2.5 times and the proportion of complicated physical labor increased two times, and that of complicated mental labor increased almost three times. At the end of thirties, the quantitative ratio of simple and complicated labor was 2.S : 1 and by the end of eighties it already was 0.42 : 1. By the end of this century, not more than 17% of people will be occupied by simple physical labor, the main part will be played by workers of mental and 3 2