Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

renovation of basic stocks, by a low level of supply of investigations with material resources, by small material supply of scientists and designers, “littering” of scientific organizations by “ballast," and by many other things. Irrespective of all measures being taken, the level of the equipment of scientific and technical organizations of the industry is not up-to-date. Research ships, reconnaissance ships, and experimental apparatuses constitute about 80% of the cost of the basic resources of the industry’s research complex. About 50% of these ships have served for ten years and more, and the service life of more than 30% ships exceeds 15 years. The scientific and technical equipment of ships belonging to our department ranks below not only that of the ships of foreign make but also that of the ships serving a similar purpose in other departments and built during the last 15 years for studying sea medium, sea organisms, and the resources of seas and oceans. The cost of the research equipment of ships allocated to our branch of industry totals 5-8% of the cost of a ship (50% and more on ships of foreign make and about 25% on ships built at home and belonging to other departments). The equipment and supplies earmarked for ships of this purpose are of a very low quality.Their software and hardware rank below those used abroad. By and large, the material and technical equipment of the research organizations in our branch of industry does not answer the requirements for the development of research and design. In 1976-90, slightly more than 1% of the total capital investments made to the fish economy was directed to the development of a research work. Therefore, the requirements for the scientific and technical organizations of our industry in modern equipment and the means of experimentation, automatization and mechanization were not satisfied; not infrequently, in short supply. All this affected the results of the research. Thus, the estimation of the scientific and technical level of the work carried out in the fish industry in the last years has shown that only five percent of the engineering developments correspond to the requirements for a higher index of significance (the excess over the technical and economic indexes of the best achievements at home and abroad).There are practically no principally new results that would be of interest at the world market of research works in the field of fish economy. The investigations into the World Ocean are under severe conditions. Whereas in 1989 as many as 275 various research and investigation expeditions worked in all regions of the World Ocean, they numbered 27 in 1991, and only 12 in 1992. The importance of marine investigations consists in their regularity. Now this regularity is violated, the fact that will bear upon the development of the fishing science, and the rational fishing as a whole. The drop of the scientific and technical potential of our industry in the last decade, and especially in 1990 and 1991, may soon have a negative effect on the results of the scientific and technical progress. It should be pointed out that, as world experience has shown, the science intensity must increase many times under the conditions of civilized market economy. The changes in the order of financing the research and development (first a decrease in and then a complete termination of the centralized financing) led to the reorientation of science to solving insignificant production problems, increased the number of themes being worked at and, as a 1 9