Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

ensures more than 90 percent of the total catch, 80 percent of the output of fish products, more than SO percent of canned fish, and practically all the output of fodder meal and fodder fish. At present, the fishing fleet of Russia is in the state of progressive aging. In the next few years, with due account for the service life of the fleet, we shall have to write off more than 60 percent of fishing, 95 percent of processing, and 53 percent of transporting ships. As a result of a systematic deficiency of ships of the auxiliary and technical fleet, more than fifty percent of them have exceeded the predetermined service life, aged morally, have suffered wear and tear. But they have not yet been written off since their supply has been drastically reduced in the last years. The majority of ships for the fish industry were built at the ship-yards of the USSR, GDR, and PPR; and, therefore, the main complete set of equipment for these ships was produced at home or in other socialist states. Since the main complete set of equipment (the principal and auxiliary drivers, pumps, boilers, compressors, refrigerating equipment, fishing and processing equipment, radar navigation equipment as well as valves for pipelines and systems) was made at home and in the CMEA countries and proved to be considerably inferior in its technical, mass and size characteristics compared to the similar equipment produced in the developed capitalist countries, our fish-factory ships are essentially inferior to similar ships built in the developed capitalist countries or ships built with the use of the complete set of equipment from these countries. Large size and weight of the equipment increase the size and weight of the machine and boiler rooms and, hence, decrease the volume of cargo holds and other production areas. In the final analysis, all this tells on such technical and economic indexes as the size of the ship, the number of the crew, the fuel consumption rate per ton of the production processed or transported. Moreover, a considerably shorter service life of our navigation equipment requires large expenditures on repairs. The present-day technique of fishing is characterized by a further development of the main traditional methods such as bawling and seine-net fishing the share of which constitutes about 90 percent of the total catch. The pelagic trawling and the bottom sweeping occupy the leading place. In their construction the fishing tackle such as trawls, trawling equipment, purse seines, produced by Russian specialists suit the most hardest fishing conditions. They are competitive at the world market. However, it should be pointed out that the perfection of the fishing tackle is held back by the absence of modem synthetic materials with high technical parameters (small specific weight, high strength) in our country. For this reason, we cannot realize a number of worked out projects which would provide for a further development of industrial fishing. Our fish-boats are supplied with fish reconnaissance complexes of the firms “Simrad” and “Furuno” as well as with devices for searching for the fish and for the control of the fishing tackle made at home. The aging of the fleet and the deficiency of spare parts drastically increased the need for repairs. The out-of-date technique and technology of our ship repair make it very expensive, and the repair time for our ships is ten times as long as abroad. At our ship-repair yards, the equipment of five-years old 1 6