Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

divided in accordance with the shares of separate previously independent enterprises, and this hindered the formation of the common fund of capital investments. A cartel (syndicate) is a form of monopolistic agreement between firms, most often of the same branch of industry, with the aim of getting optimal profit by means of price regulations and the volumes of production and supply (quotas) for its main participants. 16. Holding companies use their means for concentration of capital by buying the controlling block of shares and thus getting the possibility of maneuvering the capital in order to develop and renovate the production processes and thus increase the profit. By virtue of their specificity, holding companies completely satisfy the conditions of privatization. The attempt to smooth social conflicts occurring because of an explicit or a secret struggle for the shares of the most prospective and highly profitable enterprises, under the conditions when the infrastructure of the market of securities is practically absent, can be successful only if the population can buy not only the securities of definite enterprises but also the shares of holding companies with balanced profits. The scheme of establishment of holding companies is based on a stage-by-stage formation of joint-stock companies. A state holding company is established at the first stage. The holding company is established by the Committee for Management of the State Property, or by its territorial agencies. The Committee gives, as an investment into the registered fund of the holding company, the right to the ownership of state property of an industrial or a territorial group of state enterprises. In exchange, the Committee obtains shares of the holding company. At the second stage the holding company, together with work collectives, turns state enterprises into joint-stock companies and, as the owner, gets the controlling block of shares of the joint-stock companies. The establishment of a state holding firm (the 1st stage) and its gradual transformation into a holding firm with mixed property (the 2nd stage) are substantiated by common economic interests and also by the fact that the natural resources of the shelf and the major part of the property of state enterprises will be owned by the state for a long time. State holding firms and holding companies with mixed property are very popular in countries with market economy and are very effective. The establishment of associations of joint-stock companies presupposes partial or complete remuneration of the state property. Therefore, it is very important to carry out a strict evaluation of enterprises which is, as a rule, based on the inventory control of property. The Russian Fund of the Federal Property alone can sell enterprises that are the property of the Russian Federation, as well as its share in the capital of enterprises, to private owners. When the Provision on the Association was being worked out, its functions were defined as well as economic responsibility of the sides and economic mechanisms of formation of common funds. 17. A complex of measures is necessary that would ensure the state support of the fish industry of Russia under the conditions of a transition to market relations. 1 6 7