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two is that the participation of the state in the economic activity in the Japanese model is considerably higher. In the German model, the participation of the state in the economic activity is more pronounced toward solving the social problems. Both in these two models, banks play a decisive role. In Germany, the central bank is almost completely autonomous. There is also a French model, but it does not have peculiarities comparable to those the other models can boast of. It is somewhere between the American and the German model. There are two points of view, according to one of which the state interference in the economic activity must not be high, and, according to the other, the state must pay special attention to social aspects. But here, too, we can see the regulating role of the state in the economic development of the country. Table 8 gives a comparative characteristics of the American and the Japanese-German model of the market economy. Table 8 American model Japanese-German model 1. The minimum role of state in 1. Special attention is paid to social aspects of market economic activities economy (social insurance, unemployment, pensions, etc.) 2. A large difference between the standard 2. The government struggles against social inequality. of living of well-to-do people and the When distributing the state means, the government poor people tries to ensure social rights of all people in the case of sickness, unemployment, retirement, etc. 3. A great difference in wages. The head 3. A smaller difference in wages. The head of a large firm of a large American firm collects, on in Germany collects, on an average, 23 times as the average, 110 times as much much money as an employee, in Japan he collects 17 money as an employee times as much money as an employee 4. Personal success 4. The sense of “collectiveness” and national pride 5. Smaller profit taxes 5. The profit taxes depend on profit amount 6. Exchanges play a decisive part 6. Banks play a decisive part. The central bank is completely autonomous 1 6 2