Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

must be realized on the market of end products and services, the hard currency for the exported goods being collected by the enterprises. But, since there is a lot of difficulties in carrying out these operations, such as the absence of a sufficient quantity and assortment of end products which are of interest to foreign consumers, in the majority of cases these ties are not of a market value character but assume the form of direct exchange. The absence of a market of shares and loans, which would show the efficiency and profitability of an enterprise, hinders a free movement of capital. Even today the allotment of means for the development of certain enterprises and branches is decided at will, or by means of distribution of budgetary resources. There is no indicator that would show the priority of investment of means not only for the population but also for enterprises which have excess money resources. When such an indicator as the price of shares is absent, enterprises use to place the shares at their own disposal, being troubled not by the effectiveness of the use of means but by the ensurance of their own existence, although in a number of cases it is expedient to change the production process in accordance with the achievements of the scientific and technical progress and the new possibilities that open up. Without a market of shares the economic system constitutes a huge collection of various subjects (population, enterprises, governments) working blindfold and determining the efficiency of their labor by touch. The part played by banks in the economy is also restricted; they have not yet turned into markets of money, although the most decisive steps have been made precisely in this direction. The system of taxation is, on the whole, similar to that in the market economic system. It presupposes that every “link” of the money turnover pays taxes to the budget. In addition, only recently the budget was supplemented by direct deductions into the centralized funds of the state structures. This practice, only slightly modified, is continued even today (the establishment of the fund of stabilization, etc.). We can isolate a number of factors in the scheme that differ from those in the scheme of the market economy. Three sectors are at the basis of the economic system, namely, governments, enterprises, and the population. However, as before, the governments remain the starting point of the motion of the economic system. They are the owners of land, natural resources, production assets, and it is the decision of the governments concerning the use of these means that is the initial momentum in the movement of the system. The movement of the economic system presupposes the existence of two parallel systems, namely, the funds and the market, and of these two systems not the market but the sphere of circulation functioning on the basis of distribution of resources by the state structures at fixed prices is a predominant one. Because of their underdevelopment, the market relations being formed do not envelope the whole economic system, but look like separate islands in the boundless ocean. The problems of transition to market relations not thoroughly considered and the absence of a strategic plan lead to a situation when the elements of the market economy introduced in parallel with the unchanged system of 1 3 3