Korelsky, V. F. Fish, fishermen and fish industry in Russia / V. F. Korelsky. - Bremen : Krebs, [1993?]-.

increase in the residues of spare cash on the accounts of enterprises depending on the relationship between the level of profitability, the deposit and loan rates. The incomes of the branches contain the interests on deposits, incomes from the sale of shares and other kinds of income formed on the market of securities. The state must play the part of a “guarantor of minimal levels,” i.e., provide for the welfare and business activity, the combination of social justice and economic efficiency, the current and future needs of the society, and play other functions which would correct the “errors” of the market mechanism. The state budget is the main instrument of such a regulation. Its incomes consist mainly of various payments from the profit, deductions for social insurance, taxes paid by the population and other revenues. The financing of expenses connected with maintenance of the level of the minimal personal consumption is taken account of in the expenditure part of the state budget. However, as could be excepted in the transition period, these expenses increased many times. To carry out the state structural policy, a centralized financing of capital investments is stipulated for in the income part of the budget. If the expenditures exceed the incomes, an issue of government bonds is possible as well as an issue of different kinds of liabilities taking into account the level of inflation. Considerable changes take part in the credit policy and the system of crediting. The dependence of current interests on the state of the market of the credit funds has become a reality. As we know, the sources of the formation of the credit resources are the increments of the monetary means of enterprises, the savings of the population, the sum of interests on credits which are used to give new credits (including the financing of the deficit of the state budget), the payment of interest on deposits and for other purposes. The financial model envisages the regulation of the level of minimal reserves of the bank system and the value of the interest. In the case of an absolute insufficiency of money for covering the expenses, currency issue can be used as a resource of the credit system, but its amount must be limited (say, by the law). The balance of incomes and expenses connected with the foreign economic activity is defined by the volumes of the export of goods and services, possible foreign investments into the economy of Russia, assistance of foreign countries and credits (in the part of incomes) as well as by the import of goods and services and the expenses connected with settlement of foreign debts (in the expenditure part). The decrease and increase in the volumes of export and import entirely depend on the change of domestic prices for goods and services. Thus, the rise of the prices for the oil and gas production entails the corresponding lowering or raising of the purchasing capacity of the “oil and gas” rouble and, when the exchange rate is fixed, a curtailment of the export of oil and gas, whereas a rise of prices, say, for the chemistry production causes an increase in its import with an equilibrium in the payment balance sheet items being preserved. The principal admission in the process of formation of the payment balance is the stabilization of the actual average exchange rate of the rouble relative to all kinds of foreign currency. The 1 0 0