Керт, Г. М. Применение компьютерных технологий в исследовании топонимии (прибалтийско-финская,русская) / Г.М. Керт ; Рос. акад. наук, Карел. науч. центр, Ин-т яз., лит. и истории. - Электрон. дан. (1 файл: 95 МБ). - Петрозаводск : Карел. науч. центр РАН, 2002.

133 toponymic vocabulary, approximately 850 lexemes, in the alphabetical order with all phonetic variants included. And what was more significant, it became possible to get an overall frequency of use of this or that le xeme (component of place name). Research into the toponymic structure and identification of bound aries junctures between morphemes is a much more difficult task, com pared to similar work with appellatives. As for the appellative, its struc tural elements are revealed in a live word paradigm at the inflectional level, as well as in a word-formative system of word-formative suffixes of noun and verb. As for the place name, due to poor manifestation of its components and its low involvement in the act of communication, the boundaries between morphemes in the place name erase more inten sively. Moreover, additional sounds appear at morpheme joints, some sounds fall out, i. e. cross-boundary margins are intensively leveling out. The ancient place name is a simple projection of the appellative. In accordance with the appellative structure place names are divi ded into three classes: A. Simple, B. Suffix, and C. Compound. When the boundaries of the word are obvious enough, it is possible to structure compound and many-component place names. It is known, that in Balto-Fennic languages, like in any other languages of the Uralic family, word composition is the main mode of word formation at the appelative level. We observe the same situation in toponymy. We can say, that in formation of compound words and word-combinations all modes of word formation are typical of place names. Moreover, some constructions at the toponymic level are capable of forming name-refe- rences, whereas at the appellative level these very constructions are viewed as word-combinations. The typical model of primary place name formation in Finno-Ugric languages is either transformation of the appellative into a place name or formation of a compound word, where the determinant is the name of the object. As a rule, such words refer to the class of geographical vocabulary, denoting landscape objects or objects made by humans. The boundary between the attribute and the determinant in every particular case is defined individually. It also depends upon «the age» of the place name, when the elements of the preliminary strata are inclu ded into the place name structure (i. e. upon the order of component annexation in newly formed place names) and upon the mode of the place name formation — noun, verbal and adjectival word-combination. Finally, it depends on the number of the place name components. In the zones, where languages of different systems are in contact, loan words are widely represented in the appelative and toponymic