Керт, Г. М. Применение компьютерных технологий в исследовании топонимии (прибалтийско-финская,русская) / Г.М. Керт ; Рос. акад. наук, Карел. науч. центр, Ин-т яз., лит. и истории. - Электрон. дан. (1 файл: 95 МБ). - Петрозаводск : Карел. науч. центр РАН, 2002.

geographical objects are divided into natural (a river, a mountain, a swamp, a lake, a waterfall, a forest, a field etc.) and into artificial (a vil lage, a road, a hut, a pillar, a mill etc.). The creation of toponyms as landmarks was substantiated in the first place by the type of the land scape, fauna and flora. A specific feature of place names is that some of them have sub stratum interspersions. As a rule, in Balto-Fennic place names the sub stratum is the determinant of the place name, for it is determinant that characterizes the distinguishment of a given object from other similar objects in the system of place name coordinates, and it is determinant that serves as a landmark and a component of new place names. The most ancient place names in Balto-Fennic languages, substra tum hydronyms as a rule, serve as a kind of landmarks, and newer place names are attached to them. Appellatives, consisting of several components, i. e. compound words, considering the whole semantic diversity of components com bined in a compound word, express unified ideas. Moreover, appella tives, unlike place names, can not have foreign interspersions. The word in the set of its word forms regardless of lexemes it consists of is apprehended as a whole. The act of nomination is «stretched» in time and forms more fixed language units, whereas word combinations at the appellative level are formed spontaneously at the moment of utterance. Taking into regard its peculiar features, toponymies must work with a large amount of primary material. At the same time, human abilities in making sense of this material are limited. That is why the use of com puters in toponymic research is extremely important. Computers will enable researchers to store and process according to the necessary parameters a huge amount of place names in a compact and safe way. It will be possible to correct mistakes and to update data processing programs. Computers will facilitate the implementation of the main objectives of scientific research, i. e. collection, storage, processing, analysis and communication of information. A long and exhausting pre liminary preparation of data and its entering into the computer will be justified not only by rapid growth of productivity, but by good results as well. The possibilities of using computers elevate research of this word class to a principally new level, when a researcher finds a large amount of primary material at hand. The unity of material collecting and processing methods must be viewed as one of the first and foremost conditions of computerizing place names. The unified methodology of collecting and processing