Керт, Г. М. Применение компьютерных технологий в исследовании топонимии (прибалтийско-финская,русская) / Г.М. Керт ; Рос. акад. наук, Карел. науч. центр, Ин-т яз., лит. и истории. - Электрон. дан. (1 файл: 95 МБ). - Петрозаводск : Карел. науч. центр РАН, 2002.

127 process a huge amount of toponyms according to the parameters required in a compact and safe way. Work with computers best of all contributes to the solution of the main objectives of scientific research, i.e. collection, accumulation, storage, processing, analysis and commu nication of information. In this work we have made an attempt to create the structure of description of Baltic-Fennic and Russian toponymy. The structure takes into regard morphological-syntactical peculiarities of toponyms, semantics of their components, as well as their functional peculiarities. At the end of the 1950's and 1960's Soviet, as well as other linguists, started intensively using structural methods in research of languages. Such an increased interest in structural-typological research in Soviet linguistics was due mainly to the specific nature of science development in the Soviet Union. Given the conditions of forced unity of the Soviet ideology, the theory of «new teachings about the language» by N. Marr had for a long time been dominant in Soviet linguistics. The essence of the theory was that the language semantics dominated over its form — structure. There even existed a swearword in Soviet linguistics — «for malist», which was «glued» to scientists, who in their research would give preference to the language forms rather than to semantics. It is necessary to mention, that the opposition of form to semantics in research of the language can be traced back in the history of gene ral linguistics rather distinctly. Already starting from the Greek school of grammarians there appeared a gap between formal and semantic (or logical) schools of researchers. Another significant factor for revival of structural research in the lan guage has been a rapid development of cybernetics and computers at the same time. The threshold of intellectual «miracle» — translation of texts from one language to another with the help of machines — has spurred a genuine interest in using computers among linguists. This is indis putable, that the requirements of automatic translation have conside rably elevated the level of culture of morphological, syntactical, and le xical analysis of language. Because a computer will not accept an ambiguous interpretation of a grammatical category, its definition must be monosemantic. The discussion of the problems concerning translation performed by machines and the problem of working out algorithms for translation in particular have significantly advanced our knowledge about natural lan guages, their structural and semantic peculiarities. At the same time, the experience with computer translation has made it evident, that there is