Karelin, V. Russian envoys in Kristiania, 1905-1917. Three incomplete portraits // Caution & compliance : Norwegian-Russian diplomatic relations, 1814-2014 / Kari Aga Myklebost & Stian Bones (eds.). - Stamsund : Orkana akademisk, 2012. – Vol. 1. - S. 61-70.

The Russian Revolution left him without funds to live, deprived of his pension and with neighbouring peasants occupying the family estate. Arsenev himself suffered from illness and his large family (his wife, their three sons and three daughters) suffered from fam­ ine. He died in 1922. Ekaterina Vasilevna Arseneva and her daughters, who were arrested several times during the 1920s and exiled to the Solovetskii camp on the White Sea, man­ aged to leave Soviet Russia in the early 1930s with the help of British diplomacy. Arsenev’s son Nikolai crossed the border illegally and emigrated to Eastern Prussia during the Rus­ sian Civil War, later taking up a position as a professor at Konigsberg University. In 1944 Nikolai moved to the USA, where he continued his academic activity.101Another son Iurii (Georgii) served as a volunteer officer during the First World War, but was captured in 1915 and placed in a German POW camp. After the liberation he joined anti-Bolshevik forces and fought under the White Army General Yudenich. After the Civil War ended, Iurii emi­ grated and continued his anti-Bolshevik activity as a member of the far-right anti-Soviet organization Narodno-Trudovoi Soiuz (The National Alliance of Russian Solidarists), eventually moving to the USA. Konstantin Gulkevich was transferred from Kristiania to Stockholm in May 1917. After the October Revolution of 1917 he joined the White movement and retained contact with for­ mer diplomats who did not recognize the new Soviet government. In Stockholm, Gulkevich represented Admiral Kolchak and his Siberian government, and co-ordinated the activities of the White forces with those of General Nikolai Yudenich and General Evgenii Miller. He spent the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he dedicated his efforts to helping Russian refugees and emigres. Fridtjof Nansen, the League of Nation’s High Commis­ sioner for Refugees, invited him to take up a position as personal councillor." Moreover, Gulkevich founded and co-owned the famous publishing house “Slovo”, which operated successfully throughout the 1920s. In 1935, Gulkevich died after an illness. L iterature Arsenev, N. S., Dary i vstrechi na zhiznennom puti. Frankfurt na Maine 1974 Arsenev, V. S., Rod dvorian Arsenevykh. 1189-1901. Tula 1903 Batsis P. E., ‘Rossia i neitralnaia Norvegia’, Novaia i noveisbaia istoria, No. 6, 1972 Batsis, P. E., Russko-norvezhskie otnosbeniia v 1905-1917 gg. Diss, na soisk. uch. step, k.i.n. Moskva 1973 Berg R., ‘Spitsbergen-saken 1905-1925’, Historisk tidsskrift, Bd. 72. No. 4, 1993 Berg R., Norsk utenrikspolitikks historie, Bd.z: Norge pa egen band, 1905-1920. Oslo 1995 Chuvakov, V. N. (sost.), Nezabytie mogily. Rossiiskoe zarubezhe: nekrologi 1917-1997. V 6-ft tomakb. Tom I (A-V). Moskva 1999 10) Arsenyev 1974: 79 f. 11) Wittich 2009, Vol. 3. - 6 9 -