Фёдоров, П. В. Северный вектор в российской истории : центр и Кольское Заполярье в XVI-XX вв. / П. В. Фёдоров ; Федер. агентство по образованию, Мурм. гос. пед. ун-т.

Summary 375 from the Baltic. In the 1960-70-ies itresulted in creation of the biggest in the USSR naval base on the Murmansk coast, the thing S.Yu. Vitte dreamed of. This fact showed that the dilemma West-East lost its monopoly position in Russia in territorial sense, at least in military and strategic sphere. The opinion about the unique ness of the south in comparison to the North disappeared as well. This opinion exist ed wh en the northern route was seen as «the second Dardanelles». The question what should Russia be — an ocean position of the North ora sea periphery of the south — was solved in a ne w concept of the "hornets' nest" in favour of the first. To a great extant it was connected to overcoming geographical determinism in a situation of globalization of threats: battle units of the Northern fleet were performing in all oceans, in the air and space becoming a factor of the cold war. That iswh y the land border of Russia in the Kola North though being strengthened did not get a priority in military and strategic plans and became in the epoch of international tension of the 50-80-ies a kind of a bridge to the peace and lessening of tension. Creation in the North a strategic region to a great extent became possible due to success of the "northern" experiment in the USSR. The government introduced a system of financial stimuli and managed to attract to the North hundreds of thousands of people and solve the problem of labour force. Development of the North continued by the Soviet state after the declining Russian Empire to a great degree complied with the messianic idea of Russia: opening new possibilities for the Russian state it helped to take revenge for unrealized potentials in other periphery areas (in the Baltic, Black Sea and Far East). Due to the positions in the North Russia managed to strengthen its position in the World Ocean. Development of the northern reflection had an uneven, occasional nature; itwas to a great degree a result and reaction to the sudden weakness. Strategic interest to the North could externally disappear, but readiness to continue did not disappear since the end of XIX c., itfunctioned at different levels of the state system. By the 1930-ies which were the crucial for the northern dimension, the center began more frequently turn to the North making itdominant and these contacts did not stop ever since in all spheres: Murmansk access to the ocean, borders or resources. Since then occasional and uneven character was replaced by sensibility and systematic character. The result of such interac tion was "rapprochement" of the northern periphery to the center. Strategic efforts did not stop: the region accumulated and guided them as a sustainable territorial system of concentration and exchange, ready for a "feedback" to the center.