Фёдоров П.В. Мурманская железная дорога как фактор стратегии: безопасность или угроза? Международные отношения на Севере Европы и Баренц-регион: история и историография. 2008, c.160-172.

The article “The Murmansk railway as a matter of strategy: safety or threat?” written by Pavel Fedorov, is devoted to consideration of strategic conditions for creation and functioning of one of the most northern railway in the world. This railway, which was constructed in 1915-1916, connected the center of Russia with nonfreezing Barents Sea. Murmansk railway provided Russia with an alternative outlet to the World Ocean that consequently led to reorganization of geostrategic space on the European North, inclusion of a polar suburb of Russian empire there. Murmansk railway, being the matter of safety for Russia, simultaneously became a source of anxiety for other European countries, which had to account increased role of Russia in the North and correct their own strategic plans. Summary 172