Catalogue of Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area = [Каталог озер в приграничном районе России, Финляндии и Норвегии] / Nikolay A. Kashulin, Vladimir A. Dauvalter, Sergey S. Sandimirov etc. - Apatity : Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems KSC RAS etc., 2008.

riods in the summer the concentrations of РОЛ and NO ", which determine the 4 3 7 lake productivity, are low. The lowmicronutrient concentrations of the water entering the water body re flect the low level ofchemical weathering of the minerals present in the watershed area. Although the watershed of Lake Guokalabbalat is relatively distant from the “Pechenganickel” smelter (distance of 30 km), it is still subjected to the im pacts of pollution from the smelter. The main pollutants are sulphur compounds and heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Co, etc.). De spite the fact that emissions from the smelter have fallen to approximately one third of the peak levels of the late 1970s, the deposition of pollutants still influ ences the water bodies in the region. The average concentrations Cu and Ni are 1.5 [j.g/1 and 5.1 |ig/l, respectively. Water colour, deg. 7 5-13 NH4, pg/1 12 1-34 N03, цд/І 6 1-24 Total N, ng/l 91 67-147 P04, цд/І 2 1-2 Total P, цд/І 4 2-5 15.8 Fe, цд/І 6.6-27.6 Cu, цд/І 15 1.0-2.4 Ni, цд/І 5J. 4.4-6.2 Al, ng/l 38 27-54 Pb, мд/і 03 0.1-0.7 2.5.2. Lake bottom sediments Table 28. The organic matter con tents (LOI, % ) and heavy metal concentrations (fjg/g, dry weight) in the surface (0-1 cm) and pre-industrial (13-14 cm) sediment layers. Cfand Cdare the contamina tion factor and degree of contamination values, respectively. The sediments of Lake Guokalabbalat were investigated already more than 10 years ago - sediment core samples were taken on the 18th ofJuly, 1996. However, the con centrations of toxic chalcophile elements such as Hg and As were not determined at that time. The sediments in Lake Guokalabbalat have organic matter contents (LOI) in the uppermost 1 cm layer of slightly more than 20% (Table 28). As the lake is located at a distance of 27 km from the Pechenganickel smelter, emissions from the smelter have a considerable effect on pollutant concentrations (Ni, Cu and Co), and it is also subjected to pollution by chalcophile elements, such as Cd and Pb. The top 1-2 cm layer of the sediments is the most polluted (Fig. 43). There is also an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the 5-8 cm layer, which is also probably due to pollution from the iron mine near Kirkenes. The contamination factor values of these heavy metals range from 1.5 to 3.9 (Table 28), i.e. the values correspond to moder ate and considerable contamination. Nickel has the highest Cf value. The degree of contamination value (13.8) for this lake corresponds to considerable (for six elements) contamination. Lake Layer, cm LOI Cu Ni Zn Co Cd Pb As H9 cd Guokalabbalat 0-1 23.63 133 214 146 136 2.18 175 - - 13-14 18.40 86 54 151 45 1.40 64 - - c, 1.5 3.9 1.0 3.0 1.6 2.7 - - 13.8 84 Catalogue o fLakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea