Catalogue of Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area = [Каталог озер в приграничном районе России, Финляндии и Норвегии] / Nikolay A. Kashulin, Vladimir A. Dauvalter, Sergey S. Sandimirov etc. - Apatity : Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems KSC RAS etc., 2008.

Based on the concentrations of min eral nutrients, the lake is oligotrophic. The mean concentration of total P in the surface layer is 8 (ig/1 and of total N 146 |ig/l. The lake also has colour values, or ganic matter concentrations (up to 2.9 mg/l) and Fe concentrations (mean 61 |ig/l) typical of small water bodies in the region. The water exchange index is 1.66, i.e. full water exchange in the lake takes about one year and a half. Dur ing episodes of high precipitation in the summer the concentrations of species of mineral nutrients (P 0 43_and NO ") that determine the lake productivity are low. Tbe watershed of Lake Peschanoe is subjected to severe anthropogenic im pacts from the Pechenganikel smelter. The main pollutants are sulphur com pounds and heavy metals (Ni. Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, As, Hg etc.). In spite of the fact that emissions from the smelter have been reduced to approximately one third of the peak levels in the late 1970s, the deposition of pollutants still has an im pact on the water body. The concentra tions of Cu (up to 9.6 (ig/1) and Ni (up to 40 |ig/l) in the vicinity of the smelter are substantially higher than in other parts of the region. Hydrochemical properties pH 7.21 7.19-7.22 Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 42 40-44 Ca, mg/l 4.26 4.23-4.29 Mg, mg/l 0.80 0.78-0.83 Na, mg/l 1.97 1.95-2.00 K, mg/l 0.26 0.25-0.27 HC03, mg/l 11.1 11.0-11.2 S04, mg/l 7.04 7.03-7.05 Cl, mg/l 2.38 2.28-2.48 Water colour, deg. 8 8-8 NH4, Mg/I 16 9-23 N03, ng/l 1 1-1 Total N, цд/І 132 119-146 P04, цд/І 1 1-1 Total P, pg/1 z 7-8 Fe, цд/І 61 59-63 1.10.2. Lake bottom sediments The sediments of Lake Peschanoe have relatively low organic matter contents: the LOI value in the uppermost 1 cm layer is slightly more than 20% (Table 10). The lake is lo cated at a distance of 5 km from the smelter, and is subjected to severe airborne pollu tion of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Co) and chalcophile elements (Pb, As, Cd and Hg).The top 3-4 cm layer of the lake sediments is the most heavily polluted by these toxic elements (Fig. 7). The contamination factor values for these elements range from 3.3 to 44.7 (Table 10), i.e. the val ues correspond to considerable and high contamination. Copper has the highest Cf value. The degree of contamination value (99.7) for this lake corresponds to high contamination. Cu, цд/І M 9.6-9.6 Ni, цд/і 40 40-40 Al, цд/І n 11-11 Pb, цд/І 0.22 0.21-0.24 Catalogue of Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea