Catalogue of Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian Border Area = [Каталог озер в приграничном районе России, Финляндии и Норвегии] / Nikolay A. Kashulin, Vladimir A. Dauvalter, Sergey S. Sandimirov etc. - Apatity : Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems KSC RAS etc., 2008.

1.5.1. Hydrochemistry The water of the lake is close to neutral and is characterized by low total miner alization values (mean 19.2 mg/1) and alkalinity (mean 23 peq/1). The lake has low concentrations of base cations and anions, sodium (average 3.91 mg/1) and chloride (average 6.98 mg/1) predomi nating. Physico-geographical characteristics Watershed Pechenga Bay— the Barents sea Latitude 69°39.427' Longitude 3Г 20.936' Height above sea level, m 66.0 Maximum length, km 1.2 Maximum width, km 1.1 Maximum depth, m 15.5 Area, m2 0.36 Watershed area, km2 8.9 Study period 2004 Based on the concentrations of mineral nutrients, the lake is classified as oligo- trophic. The mean concentration of total P is 5 pg/1 and of total N 107 pg/1. The lake also has colour values, organic mat ter concentrations (up to 3.7 mg/1) and Fe concentrations (mean 21 pg/1) typi cal for small water bodies in the region. During high water periods in the sum mer the concentrations of mineral nu trients (P 0 43_and N 0 3) that determine the lake productivity are low. The water exchange index, which determines the concentration of min eral nutrients in the lake is 2, i.e. full water exchange in the lake takes about 2 years. Hydrochemical properties pH 6.48 6.41 -6.54 Electrical conductivity, 39 mS/cm 39-39 Ca, mg/l 1.51 1.50-1.53 Mg, mg/l 0.71 0.70-0.72 Na, mg/l 3.91 3.91-3.91 K, mg/l 0.38 0.37-0.39 HC03, mg/l 14 0.2-2.6 S04, mg/l 4.28 4.13-4.43 Cl, mg/l 6.98 6.82-7.14 Total mineralization, mg/l 19.2 18.3-20.1 Alkalinity, цед/І 23 3-43 Although the watershed area of the lake is relatively remote from the Pechen- ganikel smelter (34 km), emissions from the smelter do have an impact on it. The main pollutants are sulphur compounds and heavy metals (Ni. Cu, Co etc.). In spite of the fact that emissions from the smelter have been reduced to approxi mately one third of the peak levels in the late 1970s, the deposition of pollutants still influences the quality of the water body. Maximum Cu and Ni concentra tions in the near-bottom water layer are 5.2 pg/1 and 9.8 pg/1, respectively. Water colour, deg. 11 10-11 nh 4, ng/i 9 1-17 N03, цд/І 5 1-8 Total N, |ag/l 107 57-158 P04, ng/l 1 1-1 Total P, ng/l 5 4-5 Fe, цд/І 21 19-23 Catalogue o f Lakes in the Russian, Finnish and Norwegian BorderArea