Table of Contents 1 90

Afanasyeva, A. Forced relocations of the Kola Sámi people: background and consequences / by Anna Afanasyeva. - Tromsø: University of Tromsø, 2013. - 82 p.: ill., map, portr.

Acknowledgments 4
Abstract 5
Table of contents 6
Tables and maps 8
1. Problem statement and research methodology 9
1.1 Introduction 9
1.2 Problem statement and research questions 9
1.2 Theoretical approach and prior research overview 11
1.4 Research materials and methodology 14
1.4.1 Selection of the informants and interviewees 15
1.4.2 Fieldwork data 16
1.5 My role: being a native researcher in own community 18
1.6 Outline of the thesis 18
2. Contextualizing the Kola Sami resettlement discourse 20
2.1 Before relocations: the Kola Sami settlement "sijjt" 20
2.2 Sami "sijjt" on the Kola Peninsula before the 1930's 22
2.3 Sami settlements on the Kola Peninsula after the 1930's 27
2.4 Conclusion 33
3. The Soviet policies on the Kola Peninsula: closed Sami settlements and relocations 34
3.1 General views in relation to indigenous peoples of the Russian North after introduction of the Soviet order 34
3.2 The policy of economic centralization and amalgamation of collective farms (1950's-1970's) 35
3.3 The forced relocation of the Sami people on the Kola Peninsula 37
3.4 The background of relocations 40
3.5 Conclusion 42
4. The Kola Peninsula and the implementation of relocation policies 43
4.1 Relocations of the three studied Kola Sami settlements 43
4.1.1 The resettlement of Jokanga (1963) and Varzino (1968) 44
4.1.2 The construction of the hydropower station in Voron'e (1963) 49
4.2 The Sami relocated to Lovozero 51
4.3 Conclusion 54
5. Brief analysis of the displacement consequences 55
5.1 Traditional activities and loss of access to indigenous resource areas 55
5.2 Transition of the Sami from majority to minority 59
5.3 Psycho-socio-cultural (PSC) aspects and adaptation of the community 62
5.4 Well-being aspects: lack of housing and unemployment 65
5.5 Conclusion 67
6. Conclusion 69
6.1 Background the forced relocations on the Kola Samis 69
6.2 The consequences of the forced relocations on the Kola Sami community 70
6.3 Perspectives of research on the Kola Sami 72
7. References 73
Books and articles 73
Statistics, reference materials and dictionaries 77
Archival materials 78
Private archives 78
Appendix 1 Metadata 80
Appendix 2 Photos of the relocated settlements 81
Appendix 3 Articles 90

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