Afanasyeva, A. Forced relocations of the Kola Sámi people: background and consequences / by Anna Afanasyeva. - Tromsø: University of Tromsø, 2013. - 82 p.: ill., map, portr.

61 6 Conclusion The following chapter focuses on final discussion and analysis of this Master’s study, based on presented fieldwork materials and theoretical approaches. The research questions and main assumptions of the study are discussed. The last paragraph provides my vision on possible perspectives of further research on the forced relocations of the Kola Sámi people and general reflections, which were not covered in detail in this Master’s thesis. 6.1 Background the forced relocations on the Kola Sámis This study suggests approaching the forced relocations as a two-staged process leading to rearrangement of the pre-relocation settlement pattern– sijjt- and gradual displacement of the Kola Sámi people from the territories of their traditional inhabitance to one Sámi settlement - Lovozero. Thus, the structure and background of relocations in this thesis are indicated with two waves or stages, aligned with the implementation of the two discussed policies: the policy of collectivization (1930’s -1940’s) and the policy of economic centralization and amalgamation of collective farms (1950’s -1970’s). It is necessary to mention that the economic policies regarded in this study are ultimately not the only processes which predetermined the resettlement of the Sámi people in Russia and changes undergone by the Kola Sámi community from the 1930’s until the 1970’s. Militarization, rapid industrialization, and modernization of the Kola Peninsula played a central part in the described processes, pushing the Sámi people away from the North- Eastern and the North-Western parts of the Peninsula to the central inland. Some traditional settlements were eliminated for the reasons of industrialization, such as constructions of railways and hydropowerstations, e.g. Voron’e village, or for the purposes of strategic military usage of territories and military bases, as in instance of Jokanga village. In a quest to understanding impacts and consequences of these relocations, I focused on the changes which have been caused by the two presented stages of the above-mentioned processes. As was regarded in the course of the current thesis, before the relocations the Kola Sámi people practiced seasonal change of two residences in winter and summer settlements. However, during the first stage of relocations in the 1930’s-1940’s with elimination of winter settlements, the Sámi people were accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle in their summer settlements. The result of the first stage of