Afanasyeva, A. Forced relocations of the Kola Sámi people: background and consequences / by Anna Afanasyeva. - Tromsø: University of Tromsø, 2013. - 82 p.: ill., map, portr.

44 (located on the banks of river Virma) until the arrival of Komi population, who settled on the river Virma in the late 1880’s. 135 The arrival of the Komi Izhemtsy with their reindeer flocks influenced the economy of the settlement towards the market relations. 136 Lovozero became one of the biggest settlements in relation to population numbers, but it was no longer monocultural. By the 1930’s the population size of the Komi Izhemtsy was twice as high 137 as the Sámi population and the state farm in Lovozero became one of the biggest reindeer herding farms. The relocations of the other Sámi groups to Lovozero were ultimately connected with Lovozero being a central settlement in regards to its reindeer resources and increased population numbers in reindeer herding communities. The first group relocated to Lovozero was the Sámi from Čudz’javv’r (1959), Voron’e (1963) and lastly the Sámi from Varzino (1968 – 1969) were resettled there. All of these Sámi groups were supposed to be placed in one settlement. Table 2 shows the numbers of relocated Sámis from Čudz’javv’r, Voron’e and Varzino. I did not manage to find the statistics on how many Sámis moved from Jokanga, as they mostly settled in Kanevka, Sosnovka, 138 Gremiha and a smaller portion moved to Lovozero because the village was already occupied by large numbers of Komi Izhemtsy and the local Sámi people. 139 Table 4: Table of relocated Sámi groups to Lovozero. 140 Settlement At the time of resettlement in 1950-1970 Resided in Lovozero in 2003 Čudz’javv’r 106 53 Voron’e 188 67 Varzino 156 30 Total 450 150 According to the statistical data at the time of the relocations, the total local Sámi population in Lovozero was 435 people. Later in the 1960’s-1970s, 450 people were relocated from three settlements Čudz’javv’r, Voron’e and Varzino,which at that 135 Konstantinov 2005:174. 136 Gutsol 2007:49. 137 According to the Polar census of 1926-27 in Lovozero district: Komi Izhemtsy – 47,1%, Sámi – 39%, Nenets – 10% and Russians – 4% (in Gutsol 2007: 49). 138 The official website of Lovozero Municipality, description of the contemporary settlements [online].- URL: http://mun.gov-murman.ru/local/gorlovozero.shtml, 04.10.2012. 139 Informant I. 140 Gutsol 2007: 49-50.